{"id":1426,"date":"2018-03-27T23:36:22","date_gmt":"2018-03-27T15:36:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.kate1138.com\/?p=1426"},"modified":"2018-03-27T23:36:22","modified_gmt":"2018-03-27T15:36:22","slug":"freedom-for-the-thought-that-we-hate","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.miahavero.me\/?p=1426","title":{"rendered":"Freedom for the Thought That We Hate"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u6211\u662f\u53bb\u5e74\u516b\u6708\u5f00\u59cb\u8bfb\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u3002\u8bfb\u5230\u5927\u88632\/3\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u6211\u9700\u8981\u628a\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u6848\u4ef6\u6574\u7406\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u540e\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u53ef\u4ee5\u53cd\u5e94\u8fc7\u6765\u6848\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u6401\u7f6e\u4e86\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u4e4b\u540e\u624d\u62ff\u8d77\u6765\u4ece\u5934\u5f00\u59cb\u91cd\u8bfb\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u7b14\u8bb0\u5f00\u59cb\u662f\u7740\u91cd\u8bb0\u5f55\u6848\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5230\u540e\u9762\uff0c\u5c31\u53d8\u6210\u968f\u624b\u603b\u7ed3\u4e66\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4e86\u3002\u4e66\u7684\u6700\u540e\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6848\u4ef6\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u6211\u770b\u5b8c\u4e66\u624d\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u662fKindle\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff08\u602aKindle\u4e48\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u62ff\u7740kindle\u53ea\u60f3\u4e00\u9875\u4e00\u9875\u7ffb\uff0c\u6700\u591a\u524d\u540e\u7ffb\u7ffb\u521a\u624d\u770b\u4e86\u5fd8\u8bb0\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u3002\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u65f6\u62ff\u8d77\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u6765\u8bfb\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u662fCharlottesville\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u6211\u7684\u7591\u95ee\u548c\u60f3\u6cd5\u5728\u8fd9\u7bc7\u65e5\u5fd7\u91cc\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>http:\/\/blog.kate1138.com\/?p=1290<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u5728\u201c\u8981\u4e0d\u8981\u7ef4\u62a4\u5371\u9669\/\u6211\u4eec\u8ba8\u538c\u7684\u8a00\u8bba\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u770b\u4e66\u524d\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u5982\u4e0a\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u6982\u62ec\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u7684\u70b9\u4e86\u3002\u4e66\u597d\u50cf\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u5230\u592a\u591a\u6211\u4e4b\u524d\u6ca1\u60f3\u5230\u7684\u8bba\u636e\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4e66\u91cc\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f88\u8be6\u5c3d\u7684\u53f2\u6599\u3002\u4e4b\u524d\u8bfb\u300a\u4e5d\u4eba\u300b\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5f88\u60f3\u8981\u6839\u636e\u8bdd\u9898\u6765\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u4e66\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u672c\u5c31\u662f\u5566\u3002\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u597d\u50cf\u662f2010\u5e74\u4e4b\u524d\u51fa\u7248\u7684\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u7ed3\u675f\u5728upbeat\u4e0a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u73b0\u5728\u3002\u3002\u5475\u5475<\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd8\u60f3\u8bf4\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u770b\u4e66\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u662f\u56e0\u4e3aCharlottesville\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u770b\u4e66\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff08\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4eba\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u4e66\u91cc\u770b\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u672c\u6765\u5c31\u5728\u60f3\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff09\uff0c\u4e0d\u7531\u5730\u60f3\u5230\u5f88\u591a\u522b\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4e66\u91cc\u8bf4\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6cd5\u5b98\u8bf4\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8eexecutive branch\u7684check\uff0c\u6700\u6709\u6548\u7684\u662finformed and critical public\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u79cdpublic\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u548c\u57f9\u517b\uff0c\u5219\u8981\u4f9d\u8d56press freedom\u3002\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u5e74\u6765\u5173\u6ce8\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u8bb0\u8005\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u542cSinica Podcast\u5c06\u8fd1\u4e00\u5e74\u6765\uff08\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f88\u591a\u522b\u7684podcast\uff09\uff0c\u6709\u70b9\u89c9\u5f97\u505a\u8bb0\u8005\u3001\u505a\u5386\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u3001\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\uff0c\u624d\u662f\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u6709\u8d21\u732e\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u3002\u6211\u4ece\u5c0f\u5c31\u89c9\u5f97\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u6ca1\u6709solution\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u597d\u50cf\u7ec8\u4e8e\u76f8\u4fe1solution\u662finformed and critical public\uff0c\u800c\u53ef\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u8fd9\u4e2a\u73af\u5883\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u52c7\u6562\u7684\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4eba\u7fa4\u3002\u8fd9\u7b80\u76f4\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u9053\u8def\u3002\uff08\u800c\u66fe\u7ecf\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u6211\u8981\u5728\u5de5\u7a0b\u6280\u672f\u65b9\u9762\u5de5\u4f5c\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u662f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d8\u7684\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u72ed\u9698\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u91cc\uff0c\u505a\u505a\u6280\u672f\u8fd8\u80fd\u611f\u89c9\u4e0d\u90a3\u4e48\u53d7\u7275\u5236\u3002\uff09\u3002\u3002\u626f\u8fdc\u4e86\u3002\u5c31\u5148\u610f\u8bc6\u6d41\u626f\u4e0a\u8ff0\u60f3\u6cd5\u5427\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8c46\u74e3\u7b14\u8bb0\u90fd\u653e\u8fd9\u91cc\uff08\u5f53\u65f6\u770b\u5b8c\u4e00\u7ae0\u5199\u4e00\u7ae0\u7684\u7b14\u8bb0\uff09<\/p>\n<div class=\"annotation-info\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"\">\u7ae0\u8282\u540d\uff1aCH1 Beginnings<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"pubtime\">2018-01-26 12:19:23<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>censorship\u5206\u7c7b\uff1a\u4e8b\u5148\u7ba1\u5236-liscencing\u3001seditious libel<\/p>\n<p>\u5f88\u591a\u4e8b\u5148\u7ba1\u5236\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u8005\u5e76\u4e0d\u6279\u8bc4seditious libel<\/p>\n<p>seditious libel: truth is not a defense<\/p>\n<p>1735 Peter Zenger<\/p>\n<p>Federal Constitution 1787 &#8211; w\\o bill of rights at first, to get states support<\/p>\n<div class=\"annotation-info\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"\">\u7ae0\u8282\u540d\uff1aCH2 &#8220;Odious or Contemptible&#8221;<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"pubtime\">2018-01-26 12:23:08<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>1797 Sedition Act &#8211; truth is a defense\u4f46\u8981\u81ea\u5df1\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5f88\u591a\u662fopinion\u6ca1\u4ec0\u4e48\u771f\u5047\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u603b\u7edfAdams &#8211; Jefferson &#8211; \u8fd9\u9879\u4e89\u8bba\u66f4\u591a\u662fpolitical\u800c\u4e0d\u662flegal\u3002<\/p>\n<p>The Madisonian premise &#8211; \u53ef\u4ee5\u5e76\u4e14\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u8ba8\u8bba\u516c\u4f17\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u4eba\u7269<\/p>\n<div class=\"annotation-info\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"\">\u7ae0\u8282\u540d\uff1aCH3 &#8220;As All Life Is an Experiment&#8221;<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"pubtime\">2018-01-26 12:25:38<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>1919 &#8211; \u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u7528\u7b2c\u4e00\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u6765\u652f\u6301\u4e00\u4e2a\u6848\u4ef6\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u662fdissenting opinion<\/p>\n<p>1919\u5e74\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u6848\u5b50\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u5f53\u65f6\u7684Espinoge Act\uff0c\u90fd\u6309\u7167seditious libel\u5224\u51b3\u4e86<\/p>\n<p>1919 Abrams vs. U. S. Justice Holmes\u8f6c\u53d8\u7684opinion\u3002\u7406\u7531\u662fAbrams\u4e00\u65b9\u7684\u5ba3\u4f20\u592a\u53ef\u7b11\u4e86\u4e0d\u6784\u6210\u5a01\u80c1<\/p>\n<p>1929 Gitlow vs. NY also dissent<\/p>\n<p>1927 Whitney vs. California<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u7531\u4e24\u4f4d\u6cd5\u5b98\u7684rhetoric\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u6e10\u6e10\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u3002\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<div class=\"annotation-info\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"\">\u7ae0\u8282\u540d\uff1aCH4 Defining Freedom<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"pubtime\">2018-01-26 12:29:58<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u4e0a\u4e00\u7ae0\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8a00\u8bba\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u90fd\u662fdissenting opinion<\/p>\n<p>\u8a00\u8bba\u81ea\u7531\u5305\u62ec\u975e\u8a00\u8bba\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5417\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>1931 Texas vs. Johnson \u70e7\u56fd\u65d7\u4e0d\u72af\u6cd5 &#8211; Yes<\/p>\n<p>\u662f\u5426\u4fdd\u62a4\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u8a00\u8bba\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>1927 Near vs. Minnesota\uff1aNear: \u51fa\u7248\u53cd\u72b9\u8a00\u8bba\u7684\u62a5\u7eb8\uff0c\u80dc\u8bc9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6cd5\u5b98\u610f\u89c1\u91cc\u63d0\u5230\u4e0d\u80fd\u51fa\u7248\u519b\u4e8b\u673a\u5bc6&#8211;&gt; 1971 NYT vs. US \uff08watergate, pantagon\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u7528\u4e8b\u5148\u8bc1\u660e\u771f\u5b9e\u6027\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e8b\u540e\u8ffd\u7a76\u8bfd\u8c24\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>1964 NYT vs. Sullivan<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u6ce2\u652f\u6301\u51fa\u7248\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u80dc\u8bc9\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u9690\u60a3\u3002Vulgarization of public dialogue. Truth is polluted.<\/p>\n<div class=\"annotation-info\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"\">\u7ae0\u8282\u540d\uff1aCH5 Freedom and Privacy<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"pubtime\">2018-02-06 22:48:21<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>1940 Sidis v. F-R Publishing Corporation &#8211; \u5c11\u5e74\u5929\u624d\u6210\u5e74\u540e\u8eb2\u907fpublic life\u7684case\u3002\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u5224\u65b0\u95fb\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u7528\u5230\u7b2c\u4e00\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1967 Time, Inc. v. Hill \u548c\u771f\u5b9e\u6848\u4ef6\u76f8\u4f3c\u4f46\u88abdrama\u5316\u7684\u5267\u4e0a\u6f14\uff0cTime\u4e3a\u5ba3\u4f20\u7528\u4e86\u88ab\u5bb3\u4eba\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u4f4f\u5b85\u7684\u7167\u7247\u30025:4\u5224\u65b0\u95fb\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6848\u4ef6\u88ab\u4ee5privacy\u548c\u8a00\u8bba\/\u65b0\u95fb\u81ea\u7531\u4e24\u8005\u8f83\u91cf\u7684\u601d\u8def\u6765\u5224\u7684\u6848\u4ef6\u3002Hill\u7684\u8fa9\u62a4\u5f8b\u5e08\u662f\u5c3c\u514b\u677e\u3002\u53cd\u5bf9\u610f\u89c1Justice Harlan\u8bf4\uff1a\u652f\u6301\u65b0\u95fb\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7406\u7531\u662f\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55opinion\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u62ff\u51fa\u6765\u5728free market of idea\u4e0a\u7ade\u4e89\u3002\u7136\u800c\u548cHill\u4e00\u5bb6\u4eba\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0cTime\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2amarket of idea\u4e0a\u4f18\u52bf\u592a\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56db\u79cd\u9690\u79c1\u6743\uff1a\u8096\u50cf\u6743\uff0cfalse light privacy, intrusion, truthful but embarrassing fact.<\/p>\n<p>\u5a92\u4f53\u53ef\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u516c\u5f00\u5211\u4e8b\u6848\u4ef6\u91cc\u7684\u88ab\u5bb3\u4eba\u4fe1\u606f\uff1f\u56f4\u7ed5\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u6709\u597d\u51e0\u4e2acase\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f1975\u5ff5\u7684Cox Broadcasting v. Cohn. \u5224\u51b3\u53ef\u4ee5\u62a5\u9053\u56e0\u4e3a\u8bb0\u8005\u83b7\u5f97\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u9014\u5f84\uff08\u6cd5\u9662\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\uff09\u662f\u5927\u4f17\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u3002\u540e\u9762\u51e0\u4e2acase\u4e5f\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u98ce\u683c\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u6ca1\u6709\u4f5c\u51fa\u539f\u5219\u6027\u7684\u5224\u51b3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2001 Bartnicki v Vopper\uff0c\u4e00\u6b21\u7f62\u5de5\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8005\u7684\u901a\u8bdd\uff08\u5185\u5bb9\u6709\u5a01\u80c1\u5230\u516c\u4f17\u5b89\u5168\uff09\u88ab\u533f\u540d\u516c\u5f00\u3002\u5224\u51b3\u65b0\u95fb\u81ea\u7531\u3002Justice Breyer\u7684dissent\uff1a\u4e5f\u8981\u4fdd\u62a4\u79c1\u4eba\u8bf4\u8bdd\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6377\u514b\u7684\u53cd\u5bf9\u515a\u4eba\u7684\u79c1\u4e0b\u5bf9\u8bdd\u5f55\u97f3\u88abzf\u516c\u5f00\uff0c\u516c\u4f17\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5bf9\u5f55\u97f3\u5185\u5bb9\u5f88\u6124\u6012\uff08\u6709\u810f\u8bdd\u6709\u4f1a\u5f97\u7f6a\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff09\u3002\u6e10\u6e10\u5730\u5927\u5bb6\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u4e86\u8fd9\u66b4\u9732\u4e86\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u79c1\u751f\u6d3b\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u76d1\u89c6\uff0c\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u516c\u4f17\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u6124\u6012\u3002\uff08\u771f\u597d\u554a\u3002\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fd9\u6837\u3002\u3002\u3002\uff09\u3002\u7c73\u5170\u6606\u5fb7\u62c9\u5199\u9053\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u9690\u79c1\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u6162\u6162\u6324\u8d70\u4e86\u3002\u96c6\u6743\u56fd\u5bb6\u88ab\u56fd\u5bb6\u4fb5\u72af\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u56fd\u5bb6\u88ab\u5a92\u4f53\u4fb5\u72af\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u597d\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u91cc\uff0c\u8a00\u8bba\u81ea\u7531\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u8981\u548c\u522b\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u62ff\u6765\u6743\u8861\u5229\u5f0a\u3002<\/p>\n<div class=\"annotation-info\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"\">\u7ae0\u8282\u540d\uff1aCH6 A Press Privilege?<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"pubtime\">2018-02-10 23:44:06<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>1959 Garland v. Torre: \u8bb0\u8005Marrie Torre\u5f15\u7528\u533f\u540d\u5185\u90e8\u6d88\u606f\u8bf4\u7535\u5f71\u660e\u661fJudy Garland\u56de\u907f\u4f55\u65f6\u5c65\u884c\u7247\u7ea6\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f53\u65f6\u5979\u53d1\u80d6\u4e86\u3002Garland\u8981\u6c42\u8bb0\u8005Torre\u63d0\u4f9b\u606f\u6e90\u3002Torre\u62d2\u7edd\u900f\u9732\u3002Garland\u8d77\u8bc9\u4e86Torre\u3002Torre\u7684\u8fa9\u62a4\u662f\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u4fdd\u62a4\u8bb0\u8005\u53d1\u5e03\u65b0\u95fb\u7684\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8981\u6c42\u8bb0\u8005\u63d0\u4f9bconfidential\u6d88\u606f\u6e90\uff0c\u5219\u5265\u593a\u4e86\u8bb0\u8005\u83b7\u5f97confidential\u6d88\u606f\u7684\u6e20\u9053\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5265\u593a\u4e86\u65b0\u95fb\u81ea\u7531\u3002US Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit\u5224\u51b3\u8bb0\u8005\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u4f9b\u6d88\u606f\u3002Torre\u4e0a\u8bc9\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u62d2\u7edd\u53d7\u7406\u3002Torre\u8fd8\u662f\u62d2\u7edd\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u88ab\u7f5a\u6b3e\u548c\u76d1\u7981\u4e00\u5c0f\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u4f46\u6700\u540eGarland\u64a4\u8bc9\u4e86\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5708\u6cd5\u5ead\u6cd5\u5b98\u7684opinion\u662f\uff1a\u65b0\u95fb\u81ea\u7531\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u8981\u548c\u522b\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u6743\u8861\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fa9\u8bba\u8bb0\u8005\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u8c41\u514d\u6743\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u63d0\u6cd5\u975e\u5e38\u7ed5\u3002\u4e4d\u4e00\u770b\u662f\u524d\u4e00\u7ae0\u7684\u8303\u56f4\uff1a\u65b0\u95fb\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u8fd9\u4f4d\u7535\u5f71\u660e\u661f\u7684\u9690\u79c1\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ae0\u8bb2\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u8bb0\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u533f\u540d\u6d88\u606f\u540e\uff0c\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u6709\u4e0d\u88ab\u6cd5\u5ead\u4f20\u5524\u4f5c\u8bc1\u7684\u8c41\u514d\u6743\u3002\u8bb0\u8005\u4e00\u65b9\u7684\u8bba\u70b9\u662f\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u65b0\u95fb\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u4e5f\u8981\u83b7\u5f97\u548c\u53d1\u8868\u533f\u540d\u4fe1\u606f\u6e90\u7684\u65b0\u95fb\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1972 Branzburg v. Hayes\uff1a\u8bb0\u8005Branzburg\u62a5\u9053\u4e86\u81ea\u5236\u5408\u6210\u5927\u9ebb\uff08\uff1f\uff09\u7684\u65b0\u95fb\u3002\u5dde\u6267\u6cd5\u60f3\u8981\u4ed6\u4ea4\u5f85\u65b0\u95fb\u91cc\u7684\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u3002\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u5224\u51b3\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8981\u6c42\u8bb0\u8005\u51fa\u5ead\u4f5c\u8bc1\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u8fdd\u53cd\u7b2c\u4e00\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u201d\u3002\u53cc\u91cd\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\u7528\u8bed\u4e5f\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5224\u51b3\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88definite\u3002\u56db\u4e2a\u53cd\u5bf9\u610f\u89c1\u7684\u6cd5\u5b98\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e09\u4e2a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8bb0\u8005\u5e94\u8be5\u6709qualified privilege\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8bb0\u8005\u5e94\u8be5\u6709\u7edd\u5bf9privilege\u3002\u8d5e\u6210\u610f\u89c1\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u6cd5\u5b98\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u5176\u5b9e\u548c\u53cd\u5bf9\u610f\u89c1\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u662fcase by case\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u672c\u6848\u4e2d\u8bb0\u8005\u9700\u8981\u900f\u9732\u6d88\u606f\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u540e\u6765\u518d\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u53d7\u7406\u8fc7press privilege\u7684\u6848\u5b50\uff08\u622a\u6b622007\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u4f46Branzburg\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u6784\u6210\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u5148\u4f8b\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5404\u5dde\u8fd8\u662f\u5728\u6309\u5404\u79cd\u89c4\u5219\u5224\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8bb0\u8005\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u6743\u5229\u4e5f\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u6ee5\u7528\u30021981\u5e74\u4e00\u4e2a\u83b7\u5f97\u666e\u5229\u7b56\u5956\u7684\u62a5\u9053\u88ab\u53d1\u73b0\u662f\u5047\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u884c\u653f\u673a\u6784\u57282000\u5e74\u540e\u5f00\u59cb\u6743\u529b\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5927\u3002\u800cthe press\u5f80\u5f80\u662fcheck balance executive power\u7684\u6700\u6709\u529b\u6b66\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8bb0\u8005\u5305\u62ec\u54ea\u4e9b\u4eba\u4e5f\u5f88\u96be\u754c\u5b9a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u662f\u6240\u6709\u4eba\uff0c\u90a3\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u90fd\u6709\u8c41\u514d\u6743\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8eliscencing\u7684\u7ba1\u5236\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>2000 Wen Ho Lee\uff1a\u6709\u4e9b\u62a5\u9053\u8bf4Lee\u628a\u79d1\u7814\u673a\u5bc6\u6cc4\u5bc6\u7ed9\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u30021999\u5e74\u4ed6\u88ab\u76d1\u7981\u3002\u4f46\u662f2000\u5e74\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7684\u6307\u63a7\u53c8\u88abdrop\u4e86\uff0c\u53ea\u5269\u4e00\u9879\u975e\u5e38\u5c0f\u7684\u6307\u63a7\u3002\u4ed6\u4e5f\u88ab\u653e\u4e86\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u4ed6\u8d77\u8bc9\u653f\u5e9c\u8fd9\u6837\u5bf9\u5f85\u4ed6\u3002\u5728\u8d77\u8bc9\u4e2d\u4ed6\u7684\u5f8b\u5e08\u4f20\u5524\u4e86\u5199\u90a3\u4e9b\u62a5\u9053\u7684\u8bb0\u8005\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u4ed6\u4eec\u900f\u9732\u662f\u8c01\u7ed9\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u7684\u3002\u8bb0\u8005\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u900f\u9732\u3002\u6cd5\u9662\u5224\u51b3\u8bb0\u8005\u9700\u8981\u900f\u9732\uff0c\u4e00\u5929\u4e0d\u900f\u9732\u4e00\u5929\u7f5a\u6b3e500\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\u8fbe\u6210\u548c\u89e3\u51e0\u5bb6\u62a5\u793e\u8054\u5408\u8d54\u507f\u7ed9Lee 750 000\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u62a5\u793e\u8054\u5408\u53d1\u8868\u7533\u660e\u8bf4\u4ed6\u4eec\u613f\u610f\u548c\u89e3\u5e76\u4e14\u51fa\u94b1\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u62a4\u8bb0\u8005\u62a5\u9053\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3002\uff08\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u51fa\u4e8e\u8003\u8651\u5230Lee\u7684\u635f\u5931\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u7c7b\u6848\u4ef6\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8bfd\u8c24\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u662f\u8bb0\u8005\u4e0d\u900f\u9732\u6d88\u606f\u6e90\uff0c\u966a\u5ba1\u56e2\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6ca1\u6709\u6d88\u606f\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1975\u5e74Farber\uff1a\u8bb0\u8005Farber\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u62a5\u9053\u8bf4\u4e00\u4e2a\u533b\u751f\u5f88\u9690\u853d\u5730\u8c0b\u6740\u4e865\u4e2a\u75c5\u4eba\u3002\u5dde\u63a7\u65b9\u91cd\u65b0\u7acb\u6848\u8c03\u67e5\uff0c\u9501\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u533b\u751f\u3002\u533b\u751f\u7684\u8fa9\u62a4\u5f8b\u5e08\u8981\u6c42\u770b\u8bb0\u8005\u7684\u7b14\u8bb0\u548c\u4ed6\u7684source\uff0c\u58f0\u79f0\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u770b\u5230\u7834\u7efd\u7136\u540e\u5426\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u62a5\u9053\u4ee5\u4fbf\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5426\u5b9a\u6740\u4eba\u7684\u6307\u63a7\u3002\u6cd5\u9662\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8bb0\u8005\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u4f9b\u4ed6\u7684\u7b14\u8bb0\u548c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u533f\u540d\u4fe1\u606f\u6e90\u3002\u8bb0\u8005\u4e0d\u670d\u56e0\u800c\u5165\u72f140\u5929\u3002\u540e\u6765\u88ab\u8d66\u514d\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6848\u5b50\u4e5f\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u6211\u7684\u5c0f\u767d\u3002\u6211\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u70b9\u5b8c\u5168\u5728\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4e0d\u63d0\u4f9b\u4fe1\u606f\u6e90\uff0c\u4f60\u6700\u540e\u8c0b\u6740\u7f6a\u540d\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u5417\uff1f\u4e66\u91cc\u6ca1\u6709\u8bf4\uff0c\u800c\u8bf4\u4e86\u4e00\u53e5\u201c\u4ed6\u4eec\u80fd\u5728\u7b14\u8bb0\u91cc\u627e\u5230\u6709\u7528\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u6982\u7387\u5f88\u4f4e\u201c\u3002wikipedia\u4e0a\u8bf4\u90a3\u4e2a\u533b\u751f\u540e\u6765\u7f6a\u540d\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u65f6\u867d\u7136\u6ca1\u6709\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u5404\u5dde\u8fd8\u662f\u90fd\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8bb0\u8005\u4fdd\u62a4\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7528\u7b2c\u4e00\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u6765\u4fdd\u62a4\u8bb0\u8005\u4fdd\u62a4\u533f\u540d\u4fe1\u606f\u6e90\u7684\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u6709\u4e24\u6b65\u8981\u505a\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u662f\u627f\u8ba4\u4fdd\u62a4\u51fa\u7248\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5ef6\u4f38\u5230give the press access to information not given to public\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65\u662f\u8981\u51b3\u5b9a\u5bf9\u6b64\u4fdd\u5bc6\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f8b\u5e08\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u51fa\u5ead\u4f5c\u8bc1\u6765\u6307\u63a7\u4ed6\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\uff0c\u533b\u751f\u4e5f\u662f\u3002\u8bb0\u8005\u4fdd\u62a4\u533f\u540d\u4fe1\u606f\u6e90\u7684\u6743\u5229\u548c\u8fd9\u4e24\u8005\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u662fpublic policy\u800c\u4e0d\u662fconstitutional law\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u540e\u6765\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6cd5\u5b98Tatel\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u6848\uff1a\u7531\u966a\u5ba1\u56e2\u51b3\u5b9a\u786e\u5b9a\u6cc4\u5bc6\u4fe1\u606f\u6e90\u5e26\u6765harm\u548c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4fe1\u606f\u7ed9\u516c\u4f17\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u597d\u5904\u4e4b\u524d\u4f5c\u8bc4\u6bd4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1979\u5e74\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98Brennan\u8bf4\uff1a\u610f\u8bc6\u5230the press\u4e5f\u5e94\u8be5\u50cf\u4efb\u4f55\u673a\u6784\u4e00\u6837\u627f\u8ba4\u6743\u8861\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u8fd9\u7b80\u76f4\u662floss of innocence.<\/p>\n<div class=\"annotation-info\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"\">\u7ae0\u8282\u540d\uff1aCH7: Fear Itself<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"pubtime\">2018-02-15 11:01:48<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ae0\u4e3b\u8981\u8bb2\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u5468\u671f\u6027\u597d\u51e0\u6b21\u88ab\u62c5\u5fc3\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u6c14\u6c1b\u6293\u4f4f\uff0c\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u5f71\u54cdliberty\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u98ce\u6c14\u4e5f\u88ab\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u717d\u52a8\u548c\u5229\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9996\u5148\u8fd8\u662f\u4ece1918\u5e74\u4e00\u6218\u65f6\u671f\u7684Sedition Act\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u8d77\u8bc9\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6ca1\u5fc5\u8981\u6293\u7684\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u63a8\u884c1918\u5e74Sedition Act\u7684\u662f\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u603b\u7edfWoodrow Wilson\u3002\uff08\u6240\u4ee5\u515a\u6d3e\u7684\u6f14\u53d8\u4e5f\u662f\u633a\u60ca\u4eba\u7684\uff09\u4ed6\u7684attorney general\u6293\u4e864000\u591a\u4eba(Palmer raids)\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u540e\u6765\u7684\u6cd5\u5b98Chalres Evans Hughes\u8bf4\uff0c\u8ba9\u793e\u4f1a\u5b89\u5b9a\u7684\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u624b\u6bb5\u662f\u7ed9\u4e88\u6c11\u4f17action by the ballot box\u3002\u771f\u662f\u81f3\u7406\u540d\u8a00\u554a\u3002\u524d\u8ff0\u7684Palmer raids\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u88ab\u6293\u548c\u9063\u8fd4\u7684\u4ebaEmma Goldman\u8bf4\u4e86\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u8bdd\uff1aThe free expression of hopes and aspirations of a people is the greatest and only safety in a sane society.<\/p>\n<p>\u4f5c\u8005\u8bf4\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e0d\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u4e00\u4e2a\u88ab\u5bb3\u6015\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002Weimar Germany\u5f53\u5e74\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u5371\u673a\u6bd4\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e25\u91cd\u5f88\u591a\u3002\u6211\u60f3\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u8fa9\u89e3\u7684\u662f\uff08\u4e5f\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u51fa\u4e8e\u65e0\u77e5\u6216\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u8bef\u89e3\uff09\uff0c\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u666e\u904d\u6709\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u79cd\u65cf\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u8ba4\u540c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5bf9\u5916\u6765\u5a01\u80c1\u6bd4\u8f83\u653e\u677e\u81ea\u4fe1\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u5bf9\u65e7\u4e16\u754c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u4ed8\u51fa\u591a\u7591\u4e0d\u5b89\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u6218\u4e4b\u540e\u5360\u9886\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u662fRed Scare\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u597d\u51e0\u6b21\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e8b\u4ef6\u91cc\uff0c\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u8d77\u5230\u6539\u8fdb\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\uff08\u4e0d\u8981\u88ab\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u96621960\u5e74\u540e\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\u5bf9\u6c11\u6743\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8499\u853d\u4e86\uff0c\u89c9\u5f97\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5236\u5ea6\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1liberty\u7684\u3002\uff091798\u5e74\u6700\u65e9\u7684Sedition Act\u662f\u540e\u6765\u653f\u6cbb\u529b\u91cf\uff08\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff09\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u770b\u5230established press\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u76f4\u80fd\u4fdd\u62a4\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u65f6\u5019\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f1a\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u529b\u91cf\u4e32\u901a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u524d\u9762\u51e0\u7ae0\u91cc\u63d0\u5230\u8fc7\u7684\u6cd5\u5b98Learned Hand\u66fe\u7ecf\u5728\u4e00\u6b21\u516c\u5f00\u6f14\u8bb2\u91cc\u8bf4\u5230\uff0c\u4ed6\u7ecf\u5e38\u89c9\u5f97\u8981\u4fdd\u62a4\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u65f6\u5019\u5149\u9760\u5236\u5ea6\u662f\u4e0d\u884c\u7684\u3002Liberty lies in the hearts of men and women; when it dies there, no consititution, no law, no court can save it&#8230; \uff08\u8fd9\u53e5\u8bdd\u8054\u60f3\u5230\u6211\u6240\u5728\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\uff0c\u4e0d\u7981\u89c9\u5f97\u5f88\u611f\u89e6\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u621125\u5c81\u4e4b\u540e\u6e10\u6e10\u9886\u609f\u7684\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n<p>1925 Gitlow v. New York\uff1aGitlow\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u5ba3\u8a00\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5230\u4e86cp\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7684\u6307\u63a7\u4e0d\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u6709\u9020\u6210\u66b4\u529b\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u5371\u9669\uff0c\u5728\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u6700\u540eopinion\u91cc\u8fd8\u660e\u786e\u8bf4\u4e86\u6cd5\u9662\u4e0d\u89c9\u5f97\u4ed6\u7684\u53d1\u8a00\u6709\u63a8\u7ffbzf\u7684\u5371\u9669\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6cd5\u9662\u8fd8\u662f\u5224\u4ed6\u6709\u7f6a\uff08\u5177\u4f53\u7406\u7531\u4e66\u91cc\u6ca1\u6982\u62ec\u800c\u662f\u5f15\u7528\u4e86\u6cd5\u9662\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u610f\u89c1\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1937\u5e74De Jonge v. Oregon\u6848\u4ef6\u5c31\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u4e86\uff0c\u65f6\u969412\u5e74\u6cd5\u9662\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u5224\u51b3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1937 Herndon v. Lowry\u60c5\u51b5\u66f4\u96be\u4e00\u4e9b\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u8fd8\u662f\u4ee55\uff1a4\u5224\u51b3Herndon\u65e0\u7f6a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a1937\u5e74\u7684\u6848\u5b50\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u5bf9radical ideology\u7684\u6050\u60e7\u6d88\u9000\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u91cc\u8fd8\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u6848\u4ef6\uff1a1940\u5e74Cantwell v. Connecticut\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2aJehovah&#8217;s Witness\u4f20\u6559\u8005\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5f92\u4e3a\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u7684\u793e\u533a\u91cc\uff0c\u88ab\u4eba\u6307\u63a7breach of peace\u3002\u540e\u6765\u88ab\u5224\u65e0\u7f6a\u3002\u6cd5\u9662\u8bf4\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u91cc\u6709\u4e00\u53e5\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7edd\u5bf9\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u90bb\u5c45\u770b\u6765\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u540e\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u73cd\u73e0\u6e2f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u540e\u628a\u65e5\u88d4\u4ece\u7f8e\u56fd\u897f\u6d77\u5cb8\u9a71\u9010\u8d70\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u6848\u4ef6\u662f1944\u5e74\u7684Korematsu v. United States\u3002Korematsu\u8d25\u8bc9\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6848\u4ef6\u548c\u8a00\u8bba\u81ea\u7531\u6ca1\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u6050\u60e7\u5f71\u54cd\u516c\u6c11\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd8\u6709\u6848\u4ef6\u662f\u5b97\u6559\u548c\u7231\u56fd\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u3002\u67d0\u79cd\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u5b66\u6821\u91cc\u5bf9\u56fd\u65d7\u656c\u793c\u800c\u88ab\u5f00\u9664\u30021940\u5e74\u7684\u6848\u4ef6Minersville School District v. Gobitis\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u5224\u51b3\u5b66\u751f\u4eec\u8fd9\u4e00\u65b9\u8d25\u8bc9\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u4e45\u4e4b\u540e\u7684West Virginia Board of Education v. Barnette(1943)\u91cc\u6cd5\u9662\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u5224\u51b3\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u903c\u8feb\u5bf9\u56fd\u65d7\u656c\u793c\u6709\u8fdd\u7b2c\u4e00\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6848\u4ef6\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b66\u8005\u88ab\u8981\u6c42\u5411zf\u516c\u5e03cp\u6210\u5458\u30021959 Barenblatt v. United States\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u5224\u51b3\u4ed6\u9700\u8981\u516c\u5e03\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6848\u4ef6\u548c\u4e4b\u524d\u7684press previlige\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u662f\u5b66\u8005previlige\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u540e\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u6307\u63a7cp\u7684\u6848\u5b50\uff08Red Scare\uff09\u3002\u540e\u6765\u89e3\u5bc6\u7684\u6863\u6848\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6zf\u5728\u8c03\u67e5Soviet Union espionage\uff0c\u5224\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6848\u5b50\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u6709\u653f\u6cbb\u624b\u6bb5\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1969 Brandenburg v. Ohio\u6848\u4ef6\u91cc\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u5224\u51b33K\u515a\u6210\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u516c\u5f00\u573a\u5408\u6563\u5e03\u5bf9\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u548c\u9ed1\u4eba\u7684\u4ec7\u6068\u8a00\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u540e\u662f\u5c3c\u514b\u677e\u7684\u8d8a\u6218\u65f6\u671f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u4e0d\u5c11\u4e0d\u5229\u4e8ezf\u7684\u5224\u51b3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u540e\u662f\u4e00\u9635\u5bbd\u677e\u65f6\u671f\u30021976\u5e74\u798f\u7279\u603b\u7edf\u5411\u65e5\u88d4\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u9053\u6b49\u30021988\u5e74\u91cc\u6839\u603b\u7edf\u7b7e\u7f72\u4e86\u7ed9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65e5\u88d4\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u8d54\u507f\u7684\u6cd5\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\u597d\u4e8b\u4e0d\u80fd\u957f\u4e45\uff0c21\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5c0f\u5e03\u4ec0\u603b\u7edf\u4ee5\u53cd\u6050\u4e3a\u540d\u505a\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u8d85\u51fa\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u5173\u5854\u90a3\u6469\u76d1\u72f1\uff08\u8fdd\u53cd\u65e5\u5185\u74e6\u516c\u7ea6\uff09\u3001\u7535\u8bdd\u76d1\u542c\u3001\u6709\u6050\u6016\u5206\u5b50\u5acc\u7591\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u88abdetained indefinitely without trial or access to counsel. \u5c0f\u5e03\u4ec0\u8bf4\u7684\u201cwar on terror\u201d\u548c\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u7ed3\u5c3e\uff08\u4e0d\u50cf\u4e8c\u6218\u6218\u8d25\u56fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u6295\u964d\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\u4ee5\u53cd\u6050\u4e3a\u540d\u5bf9liberty\u7684\u4fb5\u72af\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u80fd\u7ed3\u675f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53cd\u6050\u9020\u6210\u7684\u4fb5\u72af\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4fb5\u72af\u4e86\u8a00\u8bba\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u66f4\u4fb5\u72af\u4e86\u4eba\u8eab\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u8a00\u8bba\u81ea\u7531\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u7406\u60f3\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u6700\u5e94\u8be5\u88ab\u6ee1\u8db3\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u800c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5efa\u56fd\u7684\u601d\u8def\u662f\uff0c\u8981\u8ba9press freedom\u6210\u4e3a\u7275\u5236zf\u6743\u529b\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u60f3\u5230\u524d\u4e24\u5929\u770b\u5230\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u6807\u9898\uff08\u6587\u7ae0\u540e\u6765\u61d2\u4e86\u6ca1\u770b\uff09\uff1a\u4e94\u89d2\u5927\u697c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u65b0\u95fb\u4e3b\u89d2\u73b0\u5728\u62cd\u6210\u4e86\u7535\u5f71\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u963f\u6851\u5947\u548c\u65af\u8bfa\u767b\u8fd8\u5fc5\u987b\u6d41\u4ea1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ae0\u6700\u540e\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\uff1aEven in a country with constitutional guarantees of freedom, something more is needed to resist fear and its manipulators. That is courage. \u8fd9\u4e00\u5f20\u5f00\u5934\u8499\u5927\u62ff\u5ddesedition act\u540e\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u6210\u529f\u5224\u51b3\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u52c7\u6c14\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff1aBurton K. Wheeler, \u6848\u4ef6\u7684\u966a\u5ba1\u56e2\uff0cJudge Bourquin.<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ae0\u6bd4\u8f83\u957f\u3002\u672c\u6765\u6211\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e60\u60ef\u4e86\u4f5c\u8005\u628a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bdd\u9898\uff08\u8a00\u8bba\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u9690\u79c1\u3001\u5a92\u4f53\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u8a00\u8bba\u81ea\u7531\uff1f\uff09\u5206\u522b\u6309\u65f6\u95f4\u987a\u5e8f\u53d9\u8ff0\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ae0\u597d\u50cf\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6309\u65f6\u95f4\u987a\u5e8f\u3002\u6211\u6709\u70b9\u89c9\u5f97\u6ca1\u8ddf\u4e0a\u601d\u8def\uff0c\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u524d\u9762\u8bf4\u4e86sedition act\u540e\u9762\u53c8\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u9ea6\u5361\u9521\u548cRed Scare\u4e5f\u662f\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u90fd\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6309\u7167\u4e00\u5b9a\u601d\u8def\u628a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u611f\u89c9\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<div class=\"annotation-info\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"\">\u7ae0\u8282\u540d\uff1aCH 9 &#8220;Vagabounds and Outlaws&#8221;<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"pubtime\">2018-03-18 12:27:25<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u524d\u9762\u51e0\u7ae0\u7684\u601d\u8def\uff1a\u600e\u6837\u5b9a\u4e49freedom of speech\uff1bFOS\u548c\u9690\u79c1\u51b2\u7a81\u4e86\u600e\u4e48\u529e\uff1b\u8fd9\u79cdfreedom\u662fpress\u72ec\u6709\u7684\u7279\u6743\u5417\uff1b\u7f8e\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u538b\u5236\u8fd9\u79cd\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u7ecf\u5e38\u662ffear\uff1b\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u5192\u72af\u7684\u8a00\u8bba\u5bf9\u522b\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u662flyric\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u800c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ae0\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u662f\uff1a\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u505a\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u51b3\u5b9a\u4fdd\u62a4\u65b0\u95fb\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u65b0\u95fb\u884c\u4e1a\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u76f4\u80fd\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u62c5\u5f53\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u62c5\u5f53\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1fPentagon Papers\u6848\u4ef6\u91cc\uff0c\u6cd5\u5b98Stewart\u5199\u5230\uff1a\u5bf9\u4e8eexecutive\u7684\u6743\u529b\uff0clegislative\u548cjudiciary\u7684\u7275\u5236\u90fd\u5f88\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u6700\u6709\u6548\u7684\u7275\u5236\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u6c11\u4f17\u2014\u2014an informed and critical public opinion\u3002\u800c\u65b0\u95fb\u4fdd\u8bc1\uff08\u4fc3\u8fdb\uff09\u4e86\u6c11\u4f17\u7684inform\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6c34\u95e8\u4e8b\u4ef6\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u673a\u5236\u7684\u80dc\u5229\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8003\u9a8c\uff1a\u5c0f\u5e03\u4ec0\u603b\u7edf\u5728911\u540e\u7684\u6ee5\u7528\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u65b0\u95fb\u884c\u4e1a\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u53ca\u65f6\u505a\u5230\u201c\u4fc3\u8fdbinformed public opinion\u201d\u7684\u804c\u8d23\u3002\u5bf9\u6b64\u534e\u76db\u987f\u90ae\u62a5\u548c\u7ebd\u7ea6\u65f6\u62a5\u540e\u6765\u90fd\u516c\u5f00\u9053\u6b49\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>The American press has been given extraordinary freedom by the Supreme Court&#8217;s interpretations of the First Amendment. In return, it owes society courage.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u6211\u7684\u611f\u60f3\uff1ainformed and critical public opinion\u662f\u7275\u5236zf\u6743\u529b\u7684\u6700\u5927\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u5f88\u7b26\u5408mz\u7684\u539f\u5219\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u6761\u539f\u6765\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u65b0\u95fb\u884c\u4e1a\uff1f\u60f3\u60f3\u662f\u5bf9\u7684\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u60f3\u4e0d\u5230\u522b\u7684\u9009\u9879\u554a\u3002\u5ffd\u7136\u660e\u767d\u4e86\u548c\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u76f8\u5173\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u65b0\u95fb\u884c\u4e1a\u5df2\u7ecf\u548czf\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u53d8\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u7684\u5e9e\u5927\uff0c\u81ea\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u4e2a\uff08\u8150\u673d\u7684\uff1f\uff09\u5927institution\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u4eba\u7c7b\u6709\u4e86\u79d1\u6280\u4e4b\u540e\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u51fa\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u73af\u5883\u7834\u574f\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5927institution\u4e00\u6709misstep\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u7684\u540e\u679c\u771f\u7684\u5f88\u53ef\u6015\u3002\u6211\u4e2a\u4eba\u4ece911\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5c31\u8ba4\u4e3a\u73b0\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u6050\u6016\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u5c0f\u5e03\u4ec0\u603b\u7edf\u9020\u5c31\u7684\u3002911\u90a3\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u8fbe\u5230\u201c\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u6050\u6016\u5206\u5b50\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ed3\u8bba\u540e\u5c31\u53ea\u6709\u6253\u4ed7\u522b\u7684\u6ca1\u4e86\u771f\u7684\u5f88\u9707\u60ca\u3002\u6211\u90a3\u65f6\u662f\u5f88\u65e0\u77e5\uff08\u73b0\u5728\u4e5f\u662f\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u6ca1\u6709\u5148\u89c1\u7684\u975e\u5e38\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u611f\u89c9\uff0c\u6211\u73b0\u5728\u8fd8\u662f\u89c9\u5f97\u8bf4\u660e\u4e00\u5b9a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<div class=\"annotation-info\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"\">\u7ae0\u8282\u540d\uff1aCH10 Thoughts That We Hate<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"pubtime\">2018-03-26 12:26:06<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u6211\u5c31\u662f\u88ab\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e66\u540d\u5438\u5f15\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ae0\u611f\u89c9\u5f88\u5931\u671b\uff1f\u8981\u4e0d\u8981\u9650\u5236\u4ec7\u6068\u8a00\u8bba\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed3\u8bba\u6211\u662f\u9884\u6599\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ae0\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u5404\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8bba\u70b9\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u8d85\u51fa\u6211\u539f\u5148\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u5f88\u6709\u6761\u7406\u5730\u6574\u7406\uff08\uff1f\uff09\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u6700\u540e\u8bf4\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u8bf4\u5f97\u5f88\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u7ed9\u7406\u7531\u3002\u6211\u5ffd\u7136\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u6211\u4e00\u76f4\u7279\u522b\u559c\u6b22\u5e26\u6709\u4e3b\u89c2\u8272\u5f69\uff08\u6beb\u4e0d\u88c5\u4f5c\u5ba2\u89c2\u516c\u6b63\uff09\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u548c\u53f2\u4e66\u2014\u2014\u5f53\u4f60\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c2\u70b9\u5f53\u4f5c\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u66f4\u52a0\u5927\u529b\u53bb\u7ef4\u62a4\u5b83\uff0c\u7ef4\u62a4\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u7ecf\u5e38\u662f\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u8d28\u7591\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u8fa9\u9a73\u4e00\u756a\u3002\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u90a3\u6837\u4f1a\u66f4\u597d\u8bfb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u628a\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ae0\u7a0d\u5fae\u603b\u7ed3\u4e00\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u5141\u8bb8\u4ec7\u6068\u8a00\u8bba\u201d\u6b63\u65b9\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u89c2\u70b9by Justice Brandeis in Whitney v. California:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Discussion affords ordinarily adequate protection against the dissemination of noxious doctrine. The fitting remedy for evil counsels is good ones.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u89c2\u70b9by The Economist<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>The big danger is that, in the name of stopping bigots, one may end up by stopping all criticism.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u89c2\u70b9by Lipostadt\u5199\u8fc7\u5173\u4e8eholocaust-denier David Irving\u7684\u4e66\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u628a\u4ed6\u5173\u8fdb\u76d1\u72f1made him a martyr to free speech<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u5141\u8bb8\u4ec7\u6068\u8a00\u8bba\u201d\u53cd\u65b9\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u89c2\u70b9by French legal scholar and jurist Roger Errera<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>The American view must be based on an inveterate social and historical optimism, which Europeans could not be expected to share after their tragic experience at the hands of the Nazis and Communists<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u7136\u540e\u662f\u4e00\u6bb5\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4f5c\u8005\u52a0\u7684\uff1a<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Hitler had mad his murderous intentions plain enough in Mein Kampf. Wouldn&#8217;t it have been better to imprison him for such expression before he could organize his words into horrendous reality?<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u89c2\u70b9by Jeremy Waldron, an Englishman who emigrated to teach law in the US<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>The costs of hate speech&#8230; are not spread evenly across the community that is supposed to tolerate them&#8230; We should speak to those whose suffering or shose parentls&#8217; suffering is mocked by the Skokie neo-Nazis before we conclude that tolerating this sort of speech builds character.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u6700\u540e\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>In an age when words have inspired acts of mass murder and terrorism, it is not as easy for me as it once was to believe that the only remedy for evil counsels, in Brandeis&#8217;s phrase, should be good ones. The law of the American Constitution allows suppression only when violence or violation of law are intended by speakers and are likely to take place imminently. But perhaps judges, and the rest of us, whil be more on guard now for the rare act of expression &#8211; not the burning of a flag or the racist slang of an undergraduate &#8211; that is genuinely dangerous. I think we should be able to punish speech that urges terrorist violence to an audience some of whose members are ready to act on the urging. That is imminence enough.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u770b\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u53cd\u65b9\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8bba\u636e\u662f\u5141\u8bb8\u4ec7\u6068\u8a00\u8bba\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u4ee3\u4ef7\u592a\u5927\u3002\u5bf9\u6b64\u6211\u53ea\u60f3\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u6050\u6016\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u9760\u63a7\u5236\u8a00\u8bba\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u6839\u6cbb\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<div class=\"annotation-info\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"\">\u7ae0\u8282\u540d\uff1aCH 12 Balancing Interests<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"pubtime\">2018-03-27 21:55:05<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u6781\u7b80\u6982\u62ec\uff1a\u8a00\u8bba\u81ea\u7531\u4e0d\u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\uff0c\u8981\u548c\u522b\u7684interest\u5e73\u8861\u6743\u91cd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e24\u4e2a\u8bdd\u9898\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>1\uff09\u8a00\u8bba\u81ea\u7531vs\u7f6a\u72af\u83b7\u5f97\u516c\u6b63\u5ba1\u5224\uff1a\u597d\u51e0\u4e2a\u6848\u5b50\u8bf4\u5a92\u4f53\u5927\u529b\u62a5\u9053\u51f6\u6740\u6848\u9020\u6210\u8206\u8bba\u4e00\u8fb9\u5012\u3002\u597d\u51e0\u4e2a\u70b9\uff1a\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u62d2\u7edd\u8ba9\u5a92\u4f53\u51fa\u5e2d\u5ead\u5ba1\uff1b\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fdd\u62a4\u966a\u5ba1\u56e2\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u9694\u79bb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2\uff09\u8a00\u8bba\u81ea\u7531vs\u7ade\u9009\u7ecf\u8d39\u7ba1\u5236\uff1a\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u5e9f\u9664\u4e86\u56fd\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u7684\u603b\u7edf\u7ade\u9009\u7ecf\u8d39\u5c01\u9876\uff1b\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u5426\u51b3\u4e86\u5dde\u7acb\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u7684\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u5dde\u6cd5\u5b98\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u516c\u5f00\u53d1\u8868\u5404\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4eba\u5c31\u559c\u6b22\u6781\u7aef\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u60f3\u628a\u6211\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u7acb\u573a\u575a\u6301\u5230\u5e95\u3002\u5728\u516c\u6b63\u5ba1\u5224\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bdd\u9898\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e66\u91cc\u8bf4\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u5012\u6765\u5012\u53bb\u7684\u3002\u6211\u60f3\u8981\u6839\u636e\u539f\u5219\u575a\u6301\u4e00\u4e0b\u771f\u7406\u8d8a\u8fa9\u8d8a\u660e\u3002\u5e9f\u9664\u7ade\u9009\u7ecf\u8d39\u5c01\u9876\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u539f\u5219\u652f\u6301\u3002\u7136\u800c\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6211\u52a8\u6447\u4e86\u3002\u4e66\u91cc\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6cd5\u5b98\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u516c\u5e03\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u662f\u627f\u8bfa\u201c\u6211\u5f53\u9009\u4e86\u5c31\u600e\u6837\u600e\u6837\u201d\uff0c\u53d8\u6210\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u653f\u5ba2\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd9\u548c\u4e09\u6743\u5206\u7acb\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6709\u6096\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u6cd5\u5b98\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u505a\u5230\u53f8\u6cd5\u4e2d\u7acb\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u4e0d\u662f\u9760\u9650\u5236\u6cd5\u5b98\u7684\u8a00\u8bba\u81ea\u7531\u505a\u5230\u7684\u5427\uff01<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u6211\u662f\u53bb\u5e74\u516b\u6708\u5f00\u59cb\u8bfb\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u3002\u8bfb\u5230\u5927\u88632\/3\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u6211\u9700\u8981\u628a\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u6848\u4ef6\u6574\u7406\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u540e\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u53ef\u4ee5\u53cd\u5e94\u8fc7\u6765\u6848\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u6401\u7f6e\u4e86\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u4e4b\u540e\u624d\u62ff\u8d77\u6765\u4ece\u5934\u5f00\u59cb\u91cd\u8bfb\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u7b14\u8bb0\u5f00\u59cb\u662f\u7740\u91cd\u8bb0\u5f55\u6848\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5230\u540e\u9762\uff0c\u5c31\u53d8\u6210\u968f\u624b\u603b\u7ed3\u4e66\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4e86\u3002\u4e66\u7684\u6700\u540e\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6848\u4ef6\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u6211\u770b\u5b8c\u4e66\u624d\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u662fKindle\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff08\u602aKindle\u4e48\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u62ff\u7740kindle\u53ea\u60f3\u4e00\u9875\u4e00\u9875\u7ffb\uff0c\u6700\u591a\u524d\u540e\u7ffb\u7ffb\u521a\u624d\u770b\u4e86\u5fd8\u8bb0\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u3002\u3002 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