\u4e9a\u5f53\u65af\u5bc6\u7684\u65e0\u5f62\u7684\u5927\u624b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u5206\u914d\u8d44\u6e90\u5230\u9700\u8981\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4ea7\u51fa\u66f4\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u53ef\u4ee5\u4eab\u53d7\u66f4\u591a\u8d22\u5bcc\u3002\u4ece\u91cc\u6839\u6492\u5207\u5c14\u65f6\u4ee3\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6b27\u7f8e\u63a8\u884c\u81ea\u7531\u8d38\u6613\u3002\u5de6\u6d3e\u7684\u653f\u515a\u4e5f\u62e5\u62b1\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bf4\u6cd5\u3002\u6f14\u53d8\u5230\u4e86\u5965\u5df4\u9a6c\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u7edf\u6cbb\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u4e13\u5bb6\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u653f\u7b56\u8c03\u6574\u5404\u79cd incentive\u3002\u4e66\u91cc\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e13\u5bb6\u7edf\u6cbb\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u653f\u6cbb\u8ba8\u8bba\u88ab outsource \u7ed9\u4e86\u5e02\u573a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6279\u8bc4\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u5f88\u7280\u5229\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u6211\u4e3e\u4f8b\u5c55\u5f00\u4e00\u4e0b\uff1a\u7ed9\u5973\u4eba\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u53d8\u5f97 less about \u7537\u5973\u5e73\u7b49\uff0c\u66f4\u5173\u952e\u7684\u662f\u5229\u7528\u5973\u4eba\u8fd9\u4e2a talent pool\uff0c\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6709\u597d\u5904\uff1b\u518d\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\u73b0\u5728\u65b0\u95fb\u91cc\u4e00\u76f4\u8bf4\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u62a2\u5149\u4e86\u65b0\u51a0\u75ab\u82d7\u662f\u4e0d\u597d\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u53ea\u8981\u6709\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u4eba\u6ca1\u6709\u75ab\u82d7\uff0c\u75ab\u60c5\u7206\u53d1\u6253\u4e71\u7ecf\u6d4e\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u5c31\u5728\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u5206\u4eab\u75ab\u82d7\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u4eba\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ecf\u6d4e\uff1b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bf4\u6cd5\u672c\u8eab\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u9519\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5ffd\u7565 moral argument\u3002\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u8bf4\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u597d\u5c31\u7b49\u4e8e\u548c\u5b83\u76f8\u5173\u7684 moral \u51fa\u53d1\u70b9\u4e5f\u597d\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u524a\u5f31\u4e86 moral debate\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u4ece\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\u652f\u6301\u7537\u5973\u5e73\u7b49\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5e02\u573a\u63a8\u52a8\u6211\u4eec\u7ed9\u5973\u6027\u540c\u7b49\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u4ee5\u5965\u5df4\u9a6c\u6700\u559c\u6b22\u8bf4\u7684\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\uff1ait is not only the right thing to do, but the smart thing to do\uff0c\u6982\u62ec\u4e86\u8fd9\u91cc technocracy \u548c meritocracy \u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bf4\u6cd5\u672c\u6765\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u60f3\u8981\u56de\u907f ideology \u8fa9\u8bba\uff0c\u8ba9\u53f3\u6d3e\u4e5f\u540c\u610f\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u5c31\u662f\u56de\u907f\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u6ca1\u6709\u8fa9\u8bba\u3002\u5965\u5df4\u9a6c\u8fd8\u6700\u559c\u6b22\u8bf4\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\u662f incentivize \uff08\u6211\u5f88\u559c\u6b22 \u7684 Russ Roberts \u4e5f\u4f1a\u559c\u6b22\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u7684\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u662f\u6574\u4e2a technocracy \u7684\u6d53\u7f29\u3002\u7136\u800c\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a disempower \u4e86\u666e\u901a\u516c\u6c11\u2014\u2014\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u518d\u81ea\u5df1\u505a\u5224\u65ad\u548c\u8fa9\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4f5c\u8005\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u4e24\u6d3e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\uff1afree-market liberalism: \u6d77\u8036\u514b\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d\u8d22\u5bcc\uff1bwelfare state liberalism: \u7f57\u5c14\u65af\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d\u8d22\u5bcc\u3002\u6211\u672c\u6765\u89c9\u5f97\u6211\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u66f4\u540c\u610f\u540e\u8005\u7684\u3002\u73b0\u4eca\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u8d2b\u5bcc\u5dee\u8ddd\u8fd9\u4e48\u60ac\u6b8a\u7684\u786e\u6ca1\u6709\u9053\u7406\uff0c\u6d77\u8036\u514b\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u662f\uff0c\u8d22\u5bcc\u548c merit \u6ca1\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u7136\u800c\u7f57\u5c14\u65af\u5219\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u91cc\uff0c\u6709\u94b1\u4eba\u53ea\u80fd\u6709\u94b1\u5230\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5206\u7ed9\u7a77\u4eba\u4e00\u4e9b\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u5206\u914d\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u5e73\u5206\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6709 deserving poor \u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4f60\u7a77\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a chance \u8fd8\u662f choice\uff0c\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u91cc\u8981\u6d88\u9664 chance \u7684\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u6211\u542c\u4e0b\u6765\u611f\u89c9\u7f57\u5c14\u65af\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u5957\u5176\u5b9e\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd meritocracy\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684 chance \u548c choice \u9009\u62e9\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u90a3\u4e48\u5bb9\u6613 disentangle \u7684\u3002\u6211\u53cd\u800c\u66f4\u52a0\u540c\u610f\u6d77\u8036\u514b\u8bf4\u7684\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u518d\u5206\u914d\u662f coercion\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u5f3a\u52a0\u4e8e\u4eba\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u7136\u800c\u6211\u8fd8\u662f\u89c9\u5f97\u5e94\u8be5\u8981\u6d88\u9664\u4e00\u4e9b\u8d2b\u5bcc\u5dee\u8ddd\uff0c\u6d77\u8036\u514b\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5174\u8da3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Meritocracy \u672c\u6765\u662f social mobility \u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u770b\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u6b27\u7f8e\uff0csocial mobility \u5e76\u4e0d\u9ad8\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u6709\u7740 \u2018\u7f8e\u56fd\u68a6\u2019 \u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u9636\u7ea7\u79fb\u52a8\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u51cf\u5c0f\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5927\u5bb6\u540c\u4e00\u8d77\u8dd1\u7ebf\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8b\u60c5\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u8fbe\u6210\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u73b0\u5b9e\u662f\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u8fd8\u662f\u6709\u503e\u5411\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728 \u201c\u53ea\u8981\u6709\u624d\u80fd\u53c8\u52aa\u529b\u5c31\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u7f8e\u56fd\u68a6\u201d \u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u4f60\u5982\u679c\u7a77\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5730\u4f4d\u4e0d\u9ad8\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f60\u4e0d\u884c\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u624d\u80fd\u6216\u4e0d\u591f\u52aa\u529b\u3002\u8fd9\u6bd4 aristocracy \u66f4\u7cdf\u7cd5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u7a77\u548c\u6ca1\u6709\u5730\u4f4d\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u5c42\u7f9e\u8fb1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bdd\u9898\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u70b9\u662f\uff0cmeritocracy \u601d\u60f3\u8fd8\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u5bf9\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u504f\u89c1\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\uff0c\u5bf9\u75c5\u4eba\u7684 stigma \u548c victim blame\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u8bf4\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u60f3\u6cd5\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u4f46\u548c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u89e3\u91ca\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5b97\u6559\u4eba\u5c31\u6709\u8fd9\u79cd\u503e\u5411\u3002\u6211\u8fc7\u5f97\u597d\u597d\u7684\uff0c\u4f60\u751f\u75c5\u80af\u5b9a\u662f\u4f60\u8fc7\u5f97\u4e0d\u591f\u68c0\u70b9\/\u6e05\u6d01\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u4e66\u91cc\u8bf4 Whole Foods \u7684\u8001\u603b\u66fe\u7ecf\u8bf4\uff0c\u4f60\u80a5\u80d6\u6216\u8005\u600e\u6837\u7684\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f60\u6ca1\u5403\u5065\u5eb7\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u65e0\u6cd5\u5403\u5065\u5eb7\uff0c\u8fc7\u53bb\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u827e\u6ecb\u75c5\u4eba\u7684 victim blame\uff08\u8c01\u8ba9\u4f60\u662f\u540c\u6027\u604b\u7684\uff09\uff0c\u5230\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u65b0\u51a0\u75c5\u4eba\u7684 victim blame\uff0c\u6ca1\u60f3\u5230\u4e5f\u6709 meritocracy \u601d\u60f3\u4f5c\u795f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u592a\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u70b9\u662f\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u63d0\u5230\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u65b0\u6559\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u53cd meritocracy \u7684\u3002\u8def\u5fb7\u662f\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5bf9\u4eba\u7684\u5bbd\u5bb9\u662f\u65e2\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6574\u5929\u770b\u7740\u4f60\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u4f60\u505a\u9519\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u7136\u540e\u60e9\u7f5a\u4f60\u3002\u6211\u8bb0\u5f97\u6211\u5f53\u65f6\u770b\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u7684\u4e66\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u89c9\u5f97\u81ea\u5df1\u80af\u5b9a\u6ca1\u770b\u61c2\u3001\u7406\u89e3\u9519\u4e86\u3002\u6211\u5fc3\u91cc\u6a21\u6a21\u7cca\u7cca\u7684\u65b0\u6559\uff0c\u662f\u6e05\u6559\u5f92\u90a3\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u4e25\u683c\u53cd\u601d\u6765\u9762\u5bf9\u5fc3\u91cc\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u8bf4\uff0c\u65b0\u6559\u867d\u7136\u6700\u521d\u6559\u4e49\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e00\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u7acb\u523b\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u6781\u7aef meritocracy\u3002\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u8fd9\u8bf4\u660e meritocracy \u662f\u6709 overreach \u7684\u503e\u5411\uff08\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4eba\u7c7b\uff0c\u4ece\u539f\u59cb\u793e\u4f1a\u796d\u7940\u7948\u6c42\u4e30\u6536\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u8d28\u7591\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff09\u3002\u6d77\u8036\u514b\u8bf4\u5e02\u573a\u4ef7\u503c\u548c\u4eba\u7684 merit \u6ca1\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4eba\u4eec\u8fd8\u662f\u4f1a\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u8fd9\u548c\u65b0\u6559\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u60c5\u51b5\u5f88\u50cf\u554a\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u6ca1\u60f3\u5230\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u70b9\u662f\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u5bf9 rhetoric of rising \u548c right side of history \u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bf4\u6cd5\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u3002\u8fd9\u548c\u524d\u9762\u7684 outsourcing moral and political judgement to markets \u662f\u4e00\u8109\u76f8\u627f\u7684\u3002\u201c\u5386\u53f2\u5fc5\u7136\u201d \u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd techno talk\uff0c\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u7f3a\u5c11\u4e00\u70b9\u79d1\u5b66\u6027\u3002\u9a6c\u4e01\u8def\u5fb7\u91d1\u8bf4\u8fc7 history’s arc is long but bend toward justice\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a inspirational talk \u6ca1\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u7406\u7531\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5386\u53f2\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6ce8\u5b9a\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u3002\uff08\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u5982\u679c\u6709\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u66f4\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6bc1\u706d\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u3002\uff09\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u5ba2\u5bf9\u6b64\u7684\u8fc7\u4e8e\u76f8\u4fe1\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u9519\u8bef\u5224\u65ad\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1 globalization \u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u56fd\u5bb6\u95f4\u7684 interdependence\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u51cf\u5c11\u6218\u4e89\u548c\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u6c11\u4e3b\u548c\u4eba\u6743\u3002\u82cf\u8054\u89e3\u4f53\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u4fe1\u5ff5\u7684\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\u652f\u6301\u8bc1\u636e\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u4eca\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u53c8\u504f\u79bb\u4e86\u90a3\u4e2a vision\u3002\u65b0\u51a0\u4e00\u7206\u53d1\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u95f4\u7684 interdependence \u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u81f4\u547d\u5f31\u70b9\u3002\u800c\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7684 nationalism \u73b0\u5728\u4e5f\u90fd\u5728\u589e\u957f\u3002\u6218\u4e89\u66f4\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u505c\u6b62\u8fc7\u3002\u6211\u662f\u4e00\u76f4\u5f88\u8ba8\u538c\u90a3\u79cd end of history \u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u7684\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u6211\u8fd8\u6ca1\u770b\u798f\u5c71\u7684\u4e66\u3002\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u8bf4\u5982\u679c\u771f\u7684\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u79d1\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u90a3\u4ed6\u5b81\u613f\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u90a3\u4e2a\u53d1\u73b0\u6ca1\u6709\u8fbe\u6210\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e end of history \u6211\u4e5f\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u60f3\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u90a3\u4e48\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u70b9\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6211\u611f\u89e6\u6700\u6df1\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u662f meritocracy \u62b9\u706d\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u666e\u901a\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u5c0a\u4e25\u3002\u4f60\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u60cb\u60dc\u8fc7\u73b0\u5728\u52e4\u6073\u6734\u5b9e\u7684\u5de5\u5320\u7cbe\u795e\u53d8\u5c11\u4e86\uff1f\u4f60\u8bf4\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u6c14\u6c1b\u4e0d\u597d\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f meritocracy \u7684\u9505\u3002\u5e02\u573a reward \u91d1\u878d\u591a\u4e8e\u5b9e\u4e1a\u3002\u8fd9\u6d88\u78e8\u4e86\u751f\u4ea7\u5de5\u4f5c\uff08\u548c\u522b\u7684\u666e\u901a\u5c97\u4f4d\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff09\u7684\u5c0a\u4e25\u3002\u800c\u6bd4\u8d77\u6536\u5165\u5c11\uff0c\u66f4 discourage \u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u662f\u524d\u9762\u8bf4\u7684\u52a0\u5728\u6536\u5165\u5c11\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684\u7f9e\u8fb1\u3002\uff08\u53e6\u5916\u6211\u60f3\u5230 The Mandalorian \u91cc\u6211\u6700\u559c\u6b22\u7684\u89d2\u8272 Kuiil\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8d85\u7ea7\u611f\u52a8\u4ed6\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u624b\u827a\u548c\u52b3\u52a8\u6362\u6765\u81ea\u7531\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u7684\u9a84\u50b2\u3002\u5267\u4e2d\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8001\u5f0f\u8fc7\u65f6\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e5f\u548c\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u89c9\u5f97\u8fd9\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u4eba\u53ea\u6709\u8fc7\u53bb\u624d\u6709\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u3002\u5927\u5bb6\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u611f\u89c9\u4e0d\u591f\u73cd\u60dc\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b63\u597d\u50cf\u5df2\u7ecf\u6ca1\u4eba\u8bb0\u5f97\u4ed6\u4e86\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u53e6\u5916\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bf4\u6211\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u60f3\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u91d1\u878d\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u4ec5\u5728\u4e8e\u628a\u8d44\u6e90\u8c03\u5242\u5230\u5e02\u573a\u9700\u8981\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u7eb5\u5bb9\u91d1\u878d\u4e1a\u7684\u9ad8\u6536\u5165\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u524d\u9762\u6279\u8bc4\u7684 \u201c\u5e02\u573a\u89c9\u5f97\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u591a\u8d5a\u94b1\u4f60\u5c31\u5389\u5bb3\u201d \u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u51b5\u4e14\uff0c\u91d1\u878d\u4e1a\u5bf9\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u5206\u914d\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u662f Amazon \u516c\u53f8\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u5927\u4e8e Amazon \u68ee\u6797\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u8ba9\u4eba\u6ee1\u610f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Even at its best, finance is not productive in itself. Its role is to facilitate economic activity by allocating capital to socially useful purposes\u2014new businesses, factories, roads, airports, schools, hospitals, homes. But as finance has exploded as a share of the U.S. economy in recent decades, less and less of it has involved investing in the real economy. More and more has involved complex financial engineering that yields big profits for those engaged in it but does nothing to make the economy more productive.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n\u6211\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u5728\u60f3\uff0c\u6211\u5bf9\u5bf9\u9519\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u5176\u5b9e\u90fd\u662f\u4e3b\u89c2\u7684\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u7f57\u7d20\u4e5f\u8bf4\u8fc7\uff0c\u4f26\u7406\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5224\u65ad\u90fd\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bc1\u660e\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u7684\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u7684 point\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u7ed9\u4f60\u8bc1\u660e meritocracy \u662f\u9519\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7ed9\u6211\u8054\u7cfb\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e48\u591a\u70b9\u3002\u6211\u672c\u6765\u662f\u6a21\u6a21\u7cca\u7cca\u89c9\u5f97\u4e0d\u559c\u6b22 meritocracy\u3002\u6211\u8bb0\u5f97\u6211\u88ab\u559d\u8336\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u8b66\u5bdf\u66fe\u7ecf\u60f3\u8981\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u6765\u6559\u8bad\u6211\uff1a\u201c\u4f60\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u89c9\u5f97\u4f60\u5f88\u6709\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6bd4\u90a3\u4e9b\u5916\u5356\u5458\u9ad8\u4e00\u7b49\uff1f\u201d \u8fd9\u4e2a\u6279\u8bc4\u4ed6\u4eec\u627e\u9519\u4eba\u4e86\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4e00\u76f4\u89c9\u5f97\u6211\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5bf9\u4e16\u754c\u6ca1\u6709\u597d\u5904\uff0c\u6211\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u4eba\u5e26\u6765\u4ec0\u4e48 benefit\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u7ed9\u5546\u4e1a\u673a\u5668\u642c\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u7b49\u7740\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4eba\u770b\u4e86\u4ee5\u540e\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u5356\u5546\u54c1\u3002\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u8fd9\u4e2a benifit \u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u6211\u9001\u5feb\u9012\u7684\u4eba\u5bf9\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u5927\u3002\u4e66\u91cc\u4e5f\u8bf4\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u666e\u904d\u540c\u610f\u7236\u6bcd\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u60c5\u51b5\u51b3\u5b9a\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u4ee5\u53ca\u540e\u9762\u7684\u5c31\u4e1a\u3001\u6536\u5165\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u7b97\u5265\u79bb\u4e86\u7236\u6bcd\u7684\u8d22\u4ea7\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684 \u201c\u6210\u529f\u201d\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4ed6\/\u5979\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5417\uff1f\u5e2e\u52a9\u8fc7\u4ed6\u7684\u8001\u5e08\u670b\u53cb\u3001value \u4ed6\u7684 talent \u7684\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u90fd\u662f\u4ed6 \u201c\u6210\u529f\u201d \u7684\u524d\u63d0\u5417\uff1f\u4f60\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5265\u79bb\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u6211\u751a\u81f3\u89c9\u5f97\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5206\u5de5\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u7ed9\u6211\u63d0\u4f9b\u98df\u7269\u7684\u519c\u6c11\u3001\u98df\u54c1\u4f9b\u5e94\u94fe\u4e0a\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u4eba\u3001\u8d85\u5e02\u5e97\u5458\u3001\u7269\u4e1a\u6e05\u6d01\u5de5\u7b49\u7b49\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u4e5f\u90fd\u8981\u5f52\u529f\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u6211\u6700\u8fd1\u51e0\u5e74\u4e00\u76f4\u89c9\u5f97\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u597d\u50cf\u4eba\u6ca1\u6cd5\u505a\u4efb\u4f55\u4e1c\u897f\u6765\u6539\u5584\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u5851\u6599\u5783\u573e\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0d\u80fd\u602a\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e70\u4e1c\u897f\u4ea7\u751f\u5851\u6599\u5783\u573e\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u5927\u4f01\u4e1a\u6765\u6539\u5584\u8fd9\u4e2a\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5927\u5bb6\u597d\u50cf\u53c8\u90fd\u53d7\u5236\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u5f62\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0cnamely \u2014\u2014 \u65e0\u5f62\u7684\u5927\u624b\u3002\u6211\u73b0\u5728\u660e\u767d\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65e0\u529b\u611f\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e66\u91cc\u8bf4\u7684 technocratics disempowers ordinary citizens\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u6253\u5f00\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u53ea\u662f\u60f3\u8981\u770b\u524d\u9762\u8bf4\u7684 \u201c\u6211\u5bf9\u4e16\u754c\u8d21\u732e\u6ca1\u6709\u5feb\u9012\u5458\u5927\u201d\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6ca1\u60f3\u5230\u4e00\u53e3\u6c14\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e48\u591a\u8fd9\u51e0\u5e74\u767e\u601d\u4e0d\u5f97\u5176\u89e3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e32\u8054\u3002\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u7b97\u662f\u6211\u6700\u8fd1\u8bfb\u4e66\u975e\u5e38\u7279\u522b\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u7ecf\u5386\u5427\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
That said\uff0c\u6211\u5bf9\u6851\u5fb7\u5c14\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u529e\u6cd5\u8fd8\u662f\u4e0d\u592a\u6ee1\u610f\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u7ae0\u91cc\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5efa\u8bae\uff08lottery\uff09\u3002\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u90a3\u4e00\u7ae0\u91cc\u4ed6\u5efa\u8bae\u5bf9\u91d1\u878d\u4ea4\u6613\u6536\u9ad8\u7a0e\u7387\u7684\u7a0e\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u505c\u7559\u5728\u8868\u5c42\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u3002\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u5bf9 meritocracy \u7684\u53cd\u601d\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\uff0c\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u8981\u6709 diversity\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba value \u5e02\u573a\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba value \u522b\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u591a\u5143\u5316\u4e86\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u624d\u4f1a\u6709\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5c0a\u91cd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6211\u60f3\u5230\u4e86 Haben \u4e66\u91cc\u8bf4\u7684\uff1a\u201cCommunities designed with just one kind of person in mind isolate those of us defying their narrow definition of personhood.\u201d \u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u88ab meritocracy \u9650\u5b9a\u540e\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd narrow definition of human value\u3002\uff08\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u76f8\u5e72\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u5230\u6211\u8111\u5b50\u91cc\u90fd\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n\u8fd9\u7bc7\u8bfb\u540e\u611f\u618b\u4e86\u5f88\u4e45\u3002\u672c\u7740 done is better than perfect \u7684\u539f\u5219\u7ec8\u4e8e\u5199\u51fa\u6765\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u6211\u770b\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u7684\u773c\u5149\u3002\u6211\u53d1\u73b0\u6211\u542c\u7684\u65b0\u95fb\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6bd4\u8f83\u53f3\u6d3e\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4eba\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u6211\u8ba2\u9605\u7684\u5f88\u591a podcast\uff08\u5927\u591a\u6570\u90fd\u662f\u504f\u5de6\u6d3e\uff09\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u542c\u4e86\u90fd\u5f88\u60f3\u5728\u540e\u9762\u4fee\u6b63\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002\u54ce\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u73b0\u5728\u8fd9\u4e48\u591a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6839\u6e90\u7684\u4eba\u8fd8\u662f\u5f88\u5c11\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5de6\u6d3e\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u771f\u6b63\u5c0a\u91cd\u88ab globalization \u629b\u5f03\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd8\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u6781\u53f3\u5229\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u5ddd\u666e\u8fd8\u662f\u4f1a\u5f97\u52bf\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f20\u7edf\u4e0a\u652f\u6301\u52b3\u5de5\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u6b27\u7f8e\u7684\u5de6\u6d3e\u5982\u4eca\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u7cbe\u82f1\u4e3b\u4e49\uff1f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f20\u7edf\u4e0a\u652f\u6301\u5c0f\u653f\u5e9c\u81ea\u7531\u8d38\u6613\u7684\u6b27\u7f8e\u7684\u53f3\u6d3e\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u5173\u7a0e\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8005\uff1f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5168\u7403\u5316\u540e\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u50cf\u672c\u6765\u671f\u5f85\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u548c\u4eba\u6743\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u5c55\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u73b0\u5728\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3b\u4e49\u76db\u884c\uff1f\u6253\u5f00\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u6211\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u60f3\u5230\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u4e0a\u8ff0\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u30022016\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\u6211\u770b\u4e86\u65e0\u6570\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u542c\u4e86\u65e0\u6570\u7684\u8282\u76ee\uff0c\u76ee\u7779\u6b27\u7f8e\u7684\u5de6\u6d3e\u8bd5\u56fe\u7406\u89e3\u5ddd\u666e\u7684\u5f53\u9009\u3002\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u8bd5\u56fe\u7406\u89e3\u6295\u7968\u5ddd\u666e\u7684\u4eba\uff01\u201d 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\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u5fd8\u8bb0\u662f\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u4ec0\u4e48\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86 meritocracy \u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u6700\u8fd1\u51e0\u5e74\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u6211\u80fd\u76f4\u89c9\u5b83\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6625\u8282\u524d\u6211\u51b2\u52a8\u4e70\u4e86\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u6765\u770b\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e00\u76f4\u5e76\u4e0d\u592a\u559c\u6b22\u6851\u5fb7\u5c14\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u62b1\u5f88\u5927\u671f\u5f85\u3002\u6ca1\u60f3\u5230\uff0c\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u56db\u5e74\u6765\u5de6\u6d3e\u767e\u601d\u4e0d\u5f97\u5176\u89e3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u3002\u6211\u4e5f\u662f\u5de6\u6d3e\uff0c\u8bfb\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u8ba9\u6211\u611f\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u7406\u89e3\u4e86\u53cd\u7cbe\u82f1\u6f6e\u6d41\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u89c9\u5f97\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u6709\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684 sentiment\u3002 \u4efb\u4eba\u552f\u8d24\u662f\u597d\u4e8b\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48 meritocracy \u6709\u95ee\u9898\u5417\uff1f\u5b83\u4ee3\u66ff\u7684\u662f\u4e16\u88ad\u5236\u5ea6\u3001\u88d9\u5e26\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u548c\u8fd9\u4e24\u8005\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0cmeritocracy \u662f\u597d\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4ecd\u7136\u5728\u514b\u670d\u524d\u8005\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u540e\u8005\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u76f2\u70b9\u3002\u8bfb\u4e66\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u6211\u4e00\u76f4\u62b1\u6028\u611f\u89c9\u4e66\u7684\u8bf4\u7406\u4e0d\u591f\u6e05\u6670\uff0c\u4e0b\u5b9a\u51b3\u5fc3\u81ea\u5df1\u5199\u535a\u5ba2\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u8981\u7b80\u8981\u6e05\u6670\uff1a\u5148\u56de\u7b54 meritocracy \u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u9519\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\u4e86\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8bb2\u4e00\u4e9b\u5177\u4f53\u73b0\u5b9e\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6211\u618b\u4e86\u5f88\u4e45\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u5199\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u6211\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u65e0\u6cd5\u5982\u6b64\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u53bb\u5206\u6790\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u503e\u5411\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6709\u53cd\u601d\u8fc7\uff0c\u800c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5f88\u591a\u95ee\u9898\u90fd\u662f\u5b83\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u53e4\u4ee3\u4eba\u6ca1\u6709\u53cd\u601d\u8fc7 \u2018\u541b\u6743\u795e\u6388\u2019 \u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u770b\u6765\u5f88\u843d\u540e\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u8d28\u7591\u8fc7 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