{"id":2459,"date":"2021-07-27T00:04:20","date_gmt":"2021-07-26T16:04:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.miahavero.me\/?p=2459"},"modified":"2021-07-27T08:52:11","modified_gmt":"2021-07-27T00:52:11","slug":"sr-gardiner-oliver-cromwell","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.miahavero.me\/?p=2459","title":{"rendered":"SR Gardiner: Oliver Cromwell"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u6211\u53c8\u541e\u4e0b\u4e00\u672c\u514b\u4f26\u5a01\u5c14\u4f20\u8bb0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u672c\u548c <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.miahavero.me\/?p=2428\">Firth \u5199\u7684\u4f20\u8bb0<\/a> \u51fa\u7248\u65f6\u95f4\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u4e5f\u662f\u5f88\u4e0d\u4e60\u60ef\uff08\u4f3c\u4e4e\u66f4\u52a0\u4e0d\u4e60\u60ef\u4e86\uff09\uff0c\u5c42\u5c42\u53e0\u53e0\u7684\u591a\u91cd\u5426\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e00\u4e0d\u5c0f\u5fc3\u5c31\u4f1a\u7406\u89e3\u53cd\u4e86\u3002\u6211\u770b\u4e86\u4e66\uff0c\u770b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u7eaa\u5f55\u7247\uff0c\u542c\u4e86 Revolutions Podcast\uff0c\u5bf9\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u548c\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5b97\u6559\u6d3e\u522b\u4ec0\u4e48\u7684\uff0c\u90fd\u4e00\u77e5\u534a\u89e3\u3002\u770b\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u590d\u4e60\u4e00\u4e0b fact\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u6ee1\u8db3\u6211\u7684\u75f4\u8ff7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.miahavero.me\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-1.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.miahavero.me\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2461\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53bb\u5e74\u8bfb\u4e86\u4e00\u672c\u4e66 <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.miahavero.me\/?p=2324\">Trials of the State<\/a>, \u662f 2019 \u5e74 Reith Lecture\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u6cd5\u5b98\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\u73b0\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\uff08\u8fd8\u6709\u7f8e\u56fd\uff09\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u6709\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u95ee\u9898\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u79fb\u6c11\u3001\u540c\u6027\u5a5a\u59fb\u7b49\u8bdd\u9898\uff09\uff0c\u88ab\u4ea4\u7ed9\u6cd5\u5b98\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7ecf\u8fc7\u6c11\u4e3b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7531\u9009\u6c11\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u653f\u5ba2\u6ca1\u6709\u505a\u4ed6\u4eec\u8be5\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff1a\u4e86\u89e3\u9009\u6c11\u7684\u613f\u671b\uff0c\u548c\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u89c1\u7684\u4eba\u534f\u8c03\u3002\u5728\u770b\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u7b80\u76f4\u6ca1\u60f3\u8fc7\u8fd9\u662f\u653f\u5ba2\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u6211\u8bb0\u5f97\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff0c\u653f\u5ba2\u6709 incentive \u8981\u83b7\u5f97\u5c3d\u91cf\u591a\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8981\u53bb\u534f\u5546\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u6211\u633a\u4e0d\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u8fd8\u60f3\uff0c\u4f60\u5982\u679c\u8ddf\u6211\u8bf4\u5815\u80ce\u9700\u8981\u7981\u6b62\uff0c\u6211\u597d\u50cf\u65e0\u6cd5\u8ddf\u4f60\u5546\u91cf\u554a\u3002\u4f46\u4ed6\u4e3e\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u8ba9\u6211\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u5f88\u540c\u610f\u4ed6\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f Brexit\uff0c\u6211\u5f88\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u8c61\u6709\u4e9b Brexit \u7684\u652f\u6301\u8005\u548c\u53cd\u5bf9\u8005\u7684\u8bc9\u6c42\u662f\u6709\u91cd\u53e0\u7684\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u6211\u4e0d\u4fe1 Brexit \u7684\u652f\u6301\u8005\u4f1a\u559c\u6b22\u8131\u6b27\u540e\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u53bb\u6b27\u6d32\u5de5\u4f5c\u9700\u8981\u7b7e\u8bc1\u3002\u653f\u5ba2\u5c31\u5e94\u8be5\u53bb\u770b\u770b\u8fd9\u91cc\u53ef\u4ee5\u600e\u6837\u5265\u79bb\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u4ece\u5177\u4f53\u8ba8\u8bba\u91cc\u5927\u5bb6\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u4e92\u76f8\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u7559\u4e5f\u597d\u79bb\u4e5f\u597d\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u6c11\u610f\u57fa\u7840\u548c\u6b27\u76df\u8c08\u5224\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e2d\u82f1\u56fd\u8131\u6b27\u7684\u8c08\u5224\u6df7\u4e71\u767e\u51fa\uff0c\u8c08\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u8bae\u4f1a\u4e0d\u901a\u8fc7\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u592a\u591a\u6b27\u76df\u53c8\u4e0d\u901a\u8fc7\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4e24\u6781\u5316\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u653f\u5ba2\u61d2\uff0c\u53ea\u60f3\u901a\u8fc7\u6377\u5f84\uff08\u717d\u52a8\u4ec7\u6068\uff09\u6765\u83b7\u5f97\u8d85\u8fc7\u534a\u6570\u7684\u9009\u7968\u5f53\u9009\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u60f3\u4e3a\u9009\u6c11\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u770b Gardiner \u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u5230\u540e\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u60f3\u5230\u4e86\u524d\u9762\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u3002\u514b\u4f26\u5a01\u5c14\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u613f\u610f\u5546\u91cf\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u653f\u5ba2\u3002\u613f\u610f\u5546\u91cf\u548c\u59a5\u534f\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u7406\u89e3\u76f8\u53cd\u610f\u89c1\u7684\u5bbd\u5bb9\uff0c\u548c\u575a\u5b9a\u70ed\u5ff1\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6709\u77db\u76fe\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u60f3\u4e0d\u51fa\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u522b\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u73b0\u5728\u5bf9\u4ed6\u5982\u6b64\u75f4\u8ff7\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u6211\u751a\u81f3\u89c9\u5f97\uff0c\u6bd4\u8d77\u519b\u4e8b\u80dc\u5229\uff0c\u4fc3\u4f7f\u4ed6\u767b\u4e0a\u6743\u529b\u9876\u5cf0\u7684\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u5728\u4e8e\u4ed6\u662f\u4e2a\u5584\u4e8e\u534f\u5546\u3001\u771f\u6b63\u60f3\u8981\u5f97\u5230 coalition \u7684\u653f\u5ba2\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba9\u6211\u60f3\u5230\u4e86 Sumption \u8bf4\u7684 \u201c\u653f\u5ba2\u6709 incentive \u8981\u83b7\u5f97\u6700\u5927\u7684\u652f\u6301\u201d\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u901a\u8fc7\u717d\u52a8\u60c5\u7eea\u6765\u5f15\u5f97\u652f\u6301\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u52bf\u529b\uff0c\u6218\u80dc\u90a3\u4e9b\u7684\u662f\u514b\u4f26\u5a01\u5c14\u7684\u534f\u5546\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4ed6\u7684\u70ed\u60c5\u548c\u884c\u52a8\u529b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u4e0a\u5f88\u5c11\u6709\u4eba\u80fd\u548c\u4ed6\u76f8\u6bd4\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u8fd8\u6709\u548c\u4ed6\u610f\u89c1\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u4eba\u7684 decency\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4ed6\u7684\u7eaf\u6d01\u7684\u52a8\u673a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u90a3\u4e9b\u4eba\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u3002\u7684\u786e\u4ed6\u89e3\u6563\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c8\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bae\u4f1a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\uff0c\u4f60\u8bf4\u4ed6\u4e0d\u591f\u4ee3\u8868\u5236\u4e5f\u597d\uff0c\u4f60\u8bf4\u4ed6\u8083\u6e05\u653f\u654c\u4e5f\u597d\uff0c\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0d\u662f\u9760\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba9\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u673a\u5668\u8fd0\u8f6c\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u662f\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u6709\u5c0a\u4e25\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u652f\u6301\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u5bf9\u4ed6\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u6279\u8bc4\u7684\u3002\u6211\u968f\u4fbf\u8bb0\u5f55\u51e0\u4e2a\u6211\u8bb0\u5f97\u7684\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u67e5\u7406\u4e00\u4e16\u628a Laud \u90a3\u5957\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u5f3a\u52a0\u5230\u4e0d\u60c5\u613f\u7684\u4eba\u6c11\u5934\u4e0a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u519b\u961f\u72ec\u7acb\u6d3e\u60f3\u8981\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u548c\u5b97\u6559\u5bbd\u5bb9\u540c\u6837\u4e5f\u4e0d\u88ab\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ea\u80fd\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u4f9d\u9760\u6b66\u529b\u3002\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u91cc\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u8fd9\u6837\u9ad8\u89c6\u89d2\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0cGardiner \u662f\u540d\u6c14\u5f88\u54cd\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u9ad8\u4e00\u4e9b\u53ef\u4ee5\u611f\u53d7\u5230\uff08\u4f46\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u770b\u8fd9\u672c\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u6709\u4e00\u70b9\u57fa\u7840\u4e86\u80fd\u611f\u53d7\u5230\uff09\u3002<\/li><li>\u8fd9\u91cc\u6279\u8bc4\u4ed6\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u3002\u540e\u4e16\u7ecf\u5e38\u770b\u5230\u4ed6\u8ba9\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u519b\u961f\u53d8\u5f97\u6709\u6548\u8d77\u6765\u540e\uff0c\u6b27\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6\u90fd\u5f00\u59cb\u5c0a\u91cd\u82f1\u56fd\u4e86\u3002\u4f46\u662f Gardiner \u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u4e00\u7b14\u5e26\u8fc7\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u72b6\u51b5\u662f\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5185\u6218\u540e\u6709\u4e00\u652f\u5f88\u6709\u6548\u7684\u519b\u961f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8981\u51fa\u53bb\u6253\u6253\u6253\uff08\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u610f\u601d\u5c31\u662f\u62a4\u56fd\u516c\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u662f aggressive \u7684\uff09\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4ed6\u6279\u8bc4\u514b\u4f26\u5a01\u5c14\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u76ee\u7684\uff08\u5e2e\u52a9\u65b0\u6559\u5f92\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u6709\u70b9\u548c\u7269\u8d28\u5229\u76ca\u52a8\u673a\uff08\u4fdd\u8bc1\u82f1\u56fd\u5bf9\u5916\u8d38\u6613\uff09\u6df7\u4e3a\u4e00\u8c08\u3002\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u4ed6\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ee5\u9ad8\u5c1a\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u6765 justify \u751a\u81f3\u63a9\u76d6\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u5bf9\u6211\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u9ad8\u5c1a\uff0c\u5f53\u4e0d\u662f\u5177\u4f53\u5730\u5e2e\u52a9\u540c\u80de\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u89c9\u5f97\u5f88\u62bd\u8c61\uff0c\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e8e\u6559\u6761\u4e86\u3002<\/li><li>\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u4e25\u5389\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u662f\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u62a4\u56fd\u516c\u8bae\u4f1a\u5f00\u5c55\u524d\uff0c\u4ed6\u7565\u626d\u66f2\u4e86 Instrument of Government \u6765\u8d76\u8d70\u4e00\u4e9b\u5f53\u9009\u8bae\u5458\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u8bf4\u8fd9\u91cc\u4ed6 demean \u4e86\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u3002\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u8bf4\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u673a\u5236\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6389\u4fdd\u7687\u515a\u8bae\u5458\u7684\u8bdd\u5c31\u6ca1\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u770b\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u6211\u6709\u57fa\u7840\u4e86\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\u63d0\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u4e00\u573a\u6218\u5f79\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u5b97\u6559\u6d3e\u522b\uff0c\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u6211\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u90fd\u7565\u77e5\u4e00\u4e8c\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u77e5\u9053\u5728\u8bf4\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e86\uff08\u5b97\u6559\u6d3e\u522b\u8fd8\u662f\u4e0d\u592a\u6e05\u695a\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u66f4\u8ba9\u6211\u786e\u5b9a <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.miahavero.me\/?p=2404\">How to Read a Book<\/a> \u4e0d\u662f\u4e3a\u6211\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u5b83\u8bf4\u5c3d\u91cf\u4e0d\u8981\u770b\u53c2\u8003\u4e66\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709 analytical reading \u540e\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97 100% \u4e66\u7684\u610f\u601d\u3002\u4e0d\u770b\u53c2\u8003\u4e66\u7684\u8bdd\u6211\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u770b\u4e0b\u6765\u8fd9\u4e9b\u79bb\u6211\u5f88\u8fdc\u7684\u4e66\u3002\u6211\u4e0d\u4ec5\u770b\u53c2\u8003\u4e66\uff0c\u8fd8\u770b\u7eaa\u5f55\u7247\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u6211\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709 analytical reading \u8fc7\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u672c\u4e66\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u7684\u62b1\u6028\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u5bf9\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4e0d\u89c9\u5f97\u4e00\u672c\u4e66\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab 100% \u83b7\u53d6\u3002\u5bf9\u6211\u6765\u8bf4\u6211\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u4ed6\u8bf4\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u83b7\u53d6\u4e66\u5c3d\u91cf\u5927\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u6211\u7406\u89e3\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bdd\u9898\uff0c\u662f\u9700\u8981\u73af\u5883\u6e17\u900f\u7684\u3002\u53ef\u80fd\u6211\u4ece\u5b57\u9762\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u65b9\u9762\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff08\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4e0d\u662f\u5177\u4f53\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6001\u5ea6\u3001\u601d\u7ef4\u65b9\u5f0f\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e1c\u897f\u624d\u80fd\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u548c\u4e66\u672c\u5bf9\u8bdd\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u7684\u672c\u80fd\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u6211\u592a\u7eb5\u5bb9\u81ea\u5df1\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u53d1\u73b0\u5bf9\u4e8e\u540c\u4e00\u4ef6\u5386\u53f2\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u6211\u6bd4\u8f83\u4ed4\u7ec6\u770b\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u7248\u672c\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u8bf4\u6cd5\u7565\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u6bd4\u5982 Long Parliament \u88ab\u89e3\u6563\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\u4e00\u81f4\u7684 fact \uff08\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u4e3a\u6709\u6587\u6863\uff09\u662f\uff0cLP \u4e0d\u80af\u81ea\u5df1\u89e3\u6563\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8bd5\u56fe\u901a\u8fc7\u6cd5\u6848\u65e0\u9650\u671f\u5ef6\u957f\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u53ea\u5141\u8bb8\u8865\u9009\u7a7a\u7f3a\u3002\u519b\u961f\u548c\u514b\u4f26\u5a01\u5c14\u627e\u4ed6\u4eec\u8c08\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7b54\u5e94\u653e\u5f03\u90a3\u4e2a\u6cd5\u6848\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u6295\u7968\u89e3\u6563\u8bae\u4f1a\uff0c\u7ec4\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e34\u65f6\u7684 council \u6765\u6cbb\u7406\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u7ec4\u7ec7\u9009\u4e3e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>CH Firth \u7684\u7248\u672c\u5f3a\u8c03\u662f\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u8c08\u597d\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u662f Haslerig \u5ffd\u7136\u56de\u5230\u4f26\u6566\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5929\u5f00\u4f1a\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u626d\u8f6c\u4e86\u8bae\u4f1a\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u7ee7\u7eed\u8ba8\u8bba\u65e0\u9650\u671f\u5ef6\u957f\u8bae\u4f1a\u7684\u6cd5\u6848\u3002Harrison \u5c31\u6d3e\u4eba\u53bb\u544a\u8bc9 Cromwell\u3002\u4e66\u4e0a\u8bf4 C \u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u4e0d\u4fe1\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u5230\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u4fe1\u4f7f\u6765\u4e86\u4ed6\u624d\u4fe1\uff0c\u6c14\u51b2\u51b2\u5730\u8dd1\u5230\u8bae\u4f1a\u3002\u540e\u9762\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\uff08\u5927\u6982\u6709\u5b98\u65b9\u8bb0\u5f55\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u8d77\u6765\u53d1\u8a00\uff0c\u5148\u8868\u626c\u4e86\u4e00\u4e0b\u5927\u5bb6\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8d8a\u8bb2\u8d8a\u6fc0\u52a8\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u8ba9 Harrison \u628a\u58eb\u5175\u53eb\u8fdb\u6765\u3002<\/li><li>Revolutions Podcast \u91cc\u9762\u63d0\u5230\uff0cCromwell \u628a\u8bae\u4f1a\u8d76\u8d70\u540e\uff0c\u5e26\u8d70\u4e86\u5199\u7740\u63d0\u6848\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4ee5\u540e\u518d\u4e5f\u6ca1\u4eba\u770b\u5230\u8fc7\u5b83\uff0cMike Duncan \u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u8ba9\u4eba\u6000\u7591\u8fd9\u4e2a\u63d0\u6848\u662f\u519b\u961f\u540c\u610f\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5230\u5904\u5ba3\u4f20\u8bf4\uff0c\u4f60\u770b\u8bae\u4f1a\u5728\u65e0\u9650\u671f\u5ef6\u957f\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u89e3\u6563\u5b83\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u4e24\u672c\u4e66\u90fd\u4e00\u70b9\u4e5f\u6ca1\u63d0\uff08\u4e5f\u8bb8\u662f\u540e\u6765\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\uff09\u3002\u6211\u73b0\u5728\u89c9\u5f97\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6000\u7591\u6bd4\u8f83\u7ad9\u4e0d\u4f4f\u811a\u3002Cromwell \u4ece\u6765\u4e0d\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u770b\u6765\u4ed6\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u4e0a\u5e1d\u77e5\u9053\u662f\u65e0\u79c1\u7684\uff0c\u6ca1\u5fc5\u8981\u4e3a\u6076\u610f\u63e3\u6d4b\u4ed6\u7684\u4eba\u82b1\u8d39\u7cbe\u529b\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5bf9\u4ed6\u6765\u8bf4\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u62ff\u6587\u4ef6\u8bc1\u660e\u6211\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u7684\u9700\u8981\u3002\uff08\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8bae\u4f1a\u662f\u5728\u5546\u8c08\u89e3\u6563\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u6709\u4eba\u8ddf\u4ed6\u8fd9\u4e48\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u6b23\u7136\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u3002\uff09<\/li><li>Gardiner \u7684\u4e66\u91cc\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u519b\u961f\u548c\u8bae\u4f1a\u7684\u5546\u8c08\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u6682\u65f6 suspend parliamentary system\u3002Firth \u7684\u4e66\u91cc\u4e5f\u8fd9\u6837\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u5f53\u65f6\u6211\u6ca1\u5f97\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5370\u8c61\u3002Gardiner \u7684\u7248\u672c\u66f4\u52a0\u51b7\u9759\u4e00\u4e9b\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e09\u6b21\u4fe1\u4f7f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5c11\u4e86\u90a3\u79cd \u201c\u90fd\u8bf4\u597d\u4e86\u7684\u4f60\u4eec\u600e\u4e48\u53c8\u4f5c\u602a\u201d \u7684\u611f\u89c9\u3002<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u770b\u4f3c\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u5b58\u5728\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u662f\u5f88\u5408\u7406\u7684\u3002\u514b\u4f26\u5a01\u5c14\u6700\u6253\u52a8\u6211\u7684\u4e00\u70b9\u662f\u5bbd\u5bb9\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u4ed6\u662f\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u5f81\u670d\u8005\u4e2d\u6700\u88ab\u75db\u6068\u7684\u3002\u56f4\u7ed5\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u5927\u5bb6\u60f3\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u8bf4\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4ed6\u8fa9\u62a4\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5bf9\u6709\u7684\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\u4e3a\u4ed6\u8fa9\u62a4\u7684\u4f01\u56fe\u90fd\u662f\u6b8b\u5fcd\u7684\u3002\u6211\u73b0\u5728\u89c9\u5f97\uff0c\u4eba\u7684\u89c6\u91ce\u6709\u9650\u5ea6\u518d\u6b63\u5e38\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4e86\u3002\u4ed6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bbd\u5bb9\u65b0\u6559\u5404\u6d3e\u7cfb\uff0c\u6267\u653f\u671f\u95f4\u5bb9\u8bb8\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u6765\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8fd8\u8bf4\u8fc7 \u201c\u6211\u5b81\u613f\u6211\u4eec\u4e2d\u6709\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u5f92\u4e5f\u4e0d\u613f\u770b\u5230\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5b50\u6c11\u53d7\u8feb\u5bb3\u201d\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u5bf9\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5f92\u6beb\u4e0d\u7559\u60c5\u3002\u5bf9\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u5b88\u519b\u4e0d\u63a5\u53d7 quarter \u4e5f\u8bb8\u7b26\u5408\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u6cd5\u5219\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u5904\u6b7b\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u795e\u804c\u4eba\u5458\u4e5f\u662f fact\u3002\u6211\u73b0\u5728\u89c9\u5f97\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u5bbd\u5bb9\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f53\u7136\u80af\u5b9a\u6709\u5f88\u72ed\u9698\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u770b\u4e0d\u89c1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u6211\u9047\u5230\u8ff7\u4e0a\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u7684\u4e0d\u597d\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u6211\u4f1a\u5c3d\u91cf\u4e3a ta \u5f00\u8131\uff1f\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u51e0\u5e74\u5728 cancel culture \u4e2d\u6478\u722c\u6eda\u6253\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e48\u4e45\uff0c\u75db\u82e6\u81ea\u95ee\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u6211\u597d\u50cf\u7ec8\u4e8e\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e86\u600e\u6837\u770b\u5f85\u3002\u4ee5\u524d\u6211\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4f1a\u89c9\u5f97\u5f97\u5230\u201c\u529f\u5927\u4e8e\u8fc7\u201d\u6216\u8005\u53cd\u4e4b\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u514b\u4f26\u5a01\u5c14\u7ed9\u6211\u7684\u611f\u52a8\u662f\u8d85\u4e4e\u5bfb\u5e38\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u4eca\u6211\u6700\u6df1\u5207\u53d7\u5bb3\u7684\uff1a\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08=\u767d\u4eba\u81f3\u4e0a\u4e3b\u4e49\uff09\u548c\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002C \u5f00\u521b\u4e86\u7684\u6b63\u662f\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u5bf9\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5974\u5f79\uff0c\u548c\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u5bf9\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u7834\u574f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65e0\u6cd5\u62b5\u6d88\u6211\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7684\u70ed\u60c5\u3001\u5bbd\u5bb9\u3001\u884c\u52a8\u529b\u548c\u5766\u8361\u7684\u5fc3\u80f8\u7684\u611f\u52a8\uff1b\u6211\u7684\u611f\u52a8\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u52fe\u9500\u4ed6\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0cunless in a sense that\uff0c\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u52a8\u5411\u4e0d\u662f\u4ed6\u4e00\u4eba\u800c\u4e3a\u3002\u4ed6\u628a\u4ed6\u8d85\u5f3a\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u529b\u52a9\u529b\u4e8e\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u6211\u60f3\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u7591\u95ee\u7684\uff1a\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u4ed6\u6ce8\u91cd\u7f8e\u6d32\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u4e0b\u4ee4\u6253\u4e0b\u4e86\u7259\u4e70\u52a0\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u8bd5\u9a8c\u7530\u4e86\u3002\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u95ee\u9898\u4e00\u76f4\u6ca1\u6709\u5e73\u606f\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u662f\u88ab\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u7684\u8bc9\u6c42\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u7eaa\u5f55\u7247\u91cc\u6709\u5230\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u53bb\u770b\u5230\u6709\u8857\u5934\u6d82\u9e26\u5230\u73b0\u5728\u8fd8\u62ff\u4ed6\u8bf4\u8fc7\u7684\u8bdd\u6765\u6311\u8d77\u5b97\u6559\u7eb7\u4e89\u3002\u90a3\u4e9b\u8bdd\u6211\u4e0d\u6000\u7591\u662f\u4ed6\u8bf4\u8fc7\u7684\uff08\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff0c\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4e0d\u662f\u4e2a\u5b97\u6559\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u653f\u6cbb\u52bf\u529b\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u7f3a\u70b9\u88ab\u65e0\u9650\u653e\u5927\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fce\u5408\u4e86\u4eba\u6027\u7231\u4e89\u5435\u7684\u4e00\u9762\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u88ab\u4eba\u5ffd\u7565\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7f57\u7d20\u8bf4\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u60c5\u7eea\u7406\u667a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u7406\u7531\u53cd\u5bf9\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7406\u667a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u524a\u5f31\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u70ed\u60c5\u548c\u4e2a\u6027\u3002\u591a\u5c11\u5e74\u6765\u6211\u4e00\u76f4\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u8ff7\u4e0a\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7269\u672c\u8eab\u628a\u7f57\u7d20\u8bf4\u7684\u4e24\u65b9\u9762\u6295\u5165\u5b9e\u8df5\uff1a\u4ed6\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u7ed9\u6211\u7684\u611f\u52a8\u6211\u6ca1\u6709\u7406\u7531\u6291\u5236\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u7f3a\u70b9\u6211\u9700\u8981\u7406\u667a\u6765\u8ba4\u6e05\u3002\u6211\u6df1\u6df1\u4f53\u4f1a\u5230\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u4e0d\u4f1a\u51cf\u8f7b\u524d\u8005\uff0c\u627f\u8ba4\u9519\u8bef\u548c\u5c40\u9650\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8ba9\u6211\u7684\u611f\u52a8\u51cf\u8f7b\u6216\u8005\u53d8\u5047\u3002\u751a\u81f3\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u4e24\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u4ed6\u5f88\u771f\u5b9e\u548c\u7279\u522b\uff08\u4f46\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6211\u6295\u5c04\u591a\u4e86\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u56f0\u6270\u4e86\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u5f88\u591a\u4e86\uff09\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u6b63\u89c6\u4ed6\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u540e\u679c\uff0c\u6211\u624d\u80fd\u66f4\u8e0f\u5b9e\u5730\u4e3a\u4ed6\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u611f\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u6211\u53c8\u541e\u4e0b\u4e00\u672c\u514b\u4f26\u5a01\u5c14\u4f20\u8bb0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u672c\u548c Firth \u5199\u7684\u4f20\u8bb0 \u51fa\u7248\u65f6\u95f4\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u4e5f\u662f\u5f88\u4e0d\u4e60\u60ef\uff08\u4f3c\u4e4e\u66f4\u52a0\u4e0d\u4e60\u60ef\u4e86\uff09\uff0c\u5c42\u5c42\u53e0\u53e0\u7684\u591a\u91cd\u5426\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e00\u4e0d\u5c0f\u5fc3\u5c31\u4f1a\u7406\u89e3\u53cd\u4e86\u3002\u6211\u770b\u4e86\u4e66\uff0c\u770b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u7eaa\u5f55\u7247\uff0c\u542c\u4e86 Revolutions Podcast\uff0c\u5bf9\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u548c\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5b97\u6559\u6d3e\u522b\u4ec0\u4e48\u7684\uff0c\u90fd\u4e00\u77e5\u534a\u89e3\u3002\u770b\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u590d\u4e60\u4e00\u4e0b fact\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u6ee1\u8db3\u6211\u7684\u75f4\u8ff7\u3002 \u53bb\u5e74\u8bfb\u4e86\u4e00\u672c\u4e66 Trials of the State, \u662f 2019 \u5e74 Reith Lecture\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u6cd5\u5b98\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\u73b0\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\uff08\u8fd8\u6709\u7f8e\u56fd\uff09\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u6709\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u95ee\u9898\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u79fb\u6c11\u3001\u540c\u6027\u5a5a\u59fb\u7b49\u8bdd\u9898\uff09\uff0c\u88ab\u4ea4\u7ed9\u6cd5\u5b98\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7ecf\u8fc7\u6c11\u4e3b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7531\u9009\u6c11\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u653f\u5ba2\u6ca1\u6709\u505a\u4ed6\u4eec\u8be5\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff1a\u4e86\u89e3\u9009\u6c11\u7684\u613f\u671b\uff0c\u548c\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u89c1\u7684\u4eba\u534f\u8c03\u3002\u5728\u770b\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u7b80\u76f4\u6ca1\u60f3\u8fc7\u8fd9\u662f\u653f\u5ba2\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u6211\u8bb0\u5f97\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff0c\u653f\u5ba2\u6709 incentive \u8981\u83b7\u5f97\u5c3d\u91cf\u591a\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8981\u53bb\u534f\u5546\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u6211\u633a\u4e0d\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u8fd8\u60f3\uff0c\u4f60\u5982\u679c\u8ddf\u6211\u8bf4\u5815\u80ce\u9700\u8981\u7981\u6b62\uff0c\u6211\u597d\u50cf\u65e0\u6cd5\u8ddf\u4f60\u5546\u91cf\u554a\u3002\u4f46\u4ed6\u4e3e\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u8ba9\u6211\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u5f88\u540c\u610f\u4ed6\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f Brexit\uff0c\u6211\u5f88\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u8c61\u6709\u4e9b Brexit \u7684\u652f\u6301\u8005\u548c\u53cd\u5bf9\u8005\u7684\u8bc9\u6c42\u662f\u6709\u91cd\u53e0\u7684\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u6211\u4e0d\u4fe1 Brexit \u7684\u652f\u6301\u8005\u4f1a\u559c\u6b22\u8131\u6b27\u540e\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u53bb\u6b27\u6d32\u5de5\u4f5c\u9700\u8981\u7b7e\u8bc1\u3002\u653f\u5ba2\u5c31\u5e94\u8be5\u53bb\u770b\u770b\u8fd9\u91cc\u53ef\u4ee5\u600e\u6837\u5265\u79bb\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u4ece\u5177\u4f53\u8ba8\u8bba\u91cc\u5927\u5bb6\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u4e92\u76f8\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u7559\u4e5f\u597d\u79bb\u4e5f\u597d\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u6c11\u610f\u57fa\u7840\u548c\u6b27\u76df\u8c08\u5224\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e2d\u82f1\u56fd\u8131\u6b27\u7684\u8c08\u5224\u6df7\u4e71\u767e\u51fa\uff0c\u8c08\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u8bae\u4f1a\u4e0d\u901a\u8fc7\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u592a\u591a\u6b27\u76df\u53c8\u4e0d\u901a\u8fc7\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4e24\u6781\u5316\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u653f\u5ba2\u61d2\uff0c\u53ea\u60f3\u901a\u8fc7\u6377\u5f84\uff08\u717d\u52a8\u4ec7\u6068\uff09\u6765\u83b7\u5f97\u8d85\u8fc7\u534a\u6570\u7684\u9009\u7968\u5f53\u9009\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u60f3\u4e3a\u9009\u6c11\u670d\u52a1\u3002 \u770b Gardiner \u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u5230\u540e\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u60f3\u5230\u4e86\u524d\u9762\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u3002\u514b\u4f26\u5a01\u5c14\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u613f\u610f\u5546\u91cf\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u653f\u5ba2\u3002\u613f\u610f\u5546\u91cf\u548c\u59a5\u534f\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u7406\u89e3\u76f8\u53cd\u610f\u89c1\u7684\u5bbd\u5bb9\uff0c\u548c\u575a\u5b9a\u70ed\u5ff1\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6709\u77db\u76fe\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u60f3\u4e0d\u51fa\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u522b\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u73b0\u5728\u5bf9\u4ed6\u5982\u6b64\u75f4\u8ff7\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u6211\u751a\u81f3\u89c9\u5f97\uff0c\u6bd4\u8d77\u519b\u4e8b\u80dc\u5229\uff0c\u4fc3\u4f7f\u4ed6\u767b\u4e0a\u6743\u529b\u9876\u5cf0\u7684\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u5728\u4e8e\u4ed6\u662f\u4e2a\u5584\u4e8e\u534f\u5546\u3001\u771f\u6b63\u60f3\u8981\u5f97\u5230 coalition \u7684\u653f\u5ba2\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba9\u6211\u60f3\u5230\u4e86 Sumption \u8bf4\u7684 \u201c\u653f\u5ba2\u6709 incentive \u8981\u83b7\u5f97\u6700\u5927\u7684\u652f\u6301\u201d\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u901a\u8fc7\u717d\u52a8\u60c5\u7eea\u6765\u5f15\u5f97\u652f\u6301\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u52bf\u529b\uff0c\u6218\u80dc\u90a3\u4e9b\u7684\u662f\u514b\u4f26\u5a01\u5c14\u7684\u534f\u5546\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4ed6\u7684\u70ed\u60c5\u548c\u884c\u52a8\u529b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u4e0a\u5f88\u5c11\u6709\u4eba\u80fd\u548c\u4ed6\u76f8\u6bd4\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u8fd8\u6709\u548c\u4ed6\u610f\u89c1\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u4eba\u7684 decency\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4ed6\u7684\u7eaf\u6d01\u7684\u52a8\u673a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u90a3\u4e9b\u4eba\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u3002\u7684\u786e\u4ed6\u89e3\u6563\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c8\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bae\u4f1a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\uff0c\u4f60\u8bf4\u4ed6\u4e0d\u591f\u4ee3\u8868\u5236\u4e5f\u597d\uff0c\u4f60\u8bf4\u4ed6\u8083\u6e05\u653f\u654c\u4e5f\u597d\uff0c\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0d\u662f\u9760\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba9\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u673a\u5668\u8fd0\u8f6c\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u662f\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u6709\u5c0a\u4e25\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u652f\u6301\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002 \u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u5bf9\u4ed6\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u6279\u8bc4\u7684\u3002\u6211\u968f\u4fbf\u8bb0\u5f55\u51e0\u4e2a\u6211\u8bb0\u5f97\u7684\uff1a \u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u67e5\u7406\u4e00\u4e16\u628a Laud \u90a3\u5957\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u5f3a\u52a0\u5230\u4e0d\u60c5\u613f\u7684\u4eba\u6c11\u5934\u4e0a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u519b\u961f\u72ec\u7acb\u6d3e\u60f3\u8981\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u548c\u5b97\u6559\u5bbd\u5bb9\u540c\u6837\u4e5f\u4e0d\u88ab\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ea\u80fd\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u4f9d\u9760\u6b66\u529b\u3002\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u91cc\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u8fd9\u6837\u9ad8\u89c6\u89d2\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0cGardiner \u662f\u540d\u6c14\u5f88\u54cd\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u9ad8\u4e00\u4e9b\u53ef\u4ee5\u611f\u53d7\u5230\uff08\u4f46\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u770b\u8fd9\u672c\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u6709\u4e00\u70b9\u57fa\u7840\u4e86\u80fd\u611f\u53d7\u5230\uff09\u3002 \u8fd9\u91cc\u6279\u8bc4\u4ed6\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u3002\u540e\u4e16\u7ecf\u5e38\u770b\u5230\u4ed6\u8ba9\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u519b\u961f\u53d8\u5f97\u6709\u6548\u8d77\u6765\u540e\uff0c\u6b27\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6\u90fd\u5f00\u59cb\u5c0a\u91cd\u82f1\u56fd\u4e86\u3002\u4f46\u662f Gardiner \u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u4e00\u7b14\u5e26\u8fc7\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u72b6\u51b5\u662f\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5185\u6218\u540e\u6709\u4e00\u652f\u5f88\u6709\u6548\u7684\u519b\u961f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8981\u51fa\u53bb\u6253\u6253\u6253\uff08\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u610f\u601d\u5c31\u662f\u62a4\u56fd\u516c\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u662f aggressive \u7684\uff09\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4ed6\u6279\u8bc4\u514b\u4f26\u5a01\u5c14\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u76ee\u7684\uff08\u5e2e\u52a9\u65b0\u6559\u5f92\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u6709\u70b9\u548c\u7269\u8d28\u5229\u76ca\u52a8\u673a\uff08\u4fdd\u8bc1\u82f1\u56fd\u5bf9\u5916\u8d38\u6613\uff09\u6df7\u4e3a\u4e00\u8c08\u3002\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u4ed6\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ee5\u9ad8\u5c1a\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u6765 justify \u751a\u81f3\u63a9\u76d6\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u5bf9\u6211\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u9ad8\u5c1a\uff0c\u5f53\u4e0d\u662f\u5177\u4f53\u5730\u5e2e\u52a9\u540c\u80de\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u89c9\u5f97\u5f88\u62bd\u8c61\uff0c\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e8e\u6559\u6761\u4e86\u3002 \u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u4e25\u5389\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u662f\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u62a4\u56fd\u516c\u8bae\u4f1a\u5f00\u5c55\u524d\uff0c\u4ed6\u7565\u626d\u66f2\u4e86 Instrument of Government \u6765\u8d76\u8d70\u4e00\u4e9b\u5f53\u9009\u8bae\u5458\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u8bf4\u8fd9\u91cc\u4ed6 demean \u4e86\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u3002\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u8bf4\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u673a\u5236\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6389\u4fdd\u7687\u515a\u8bae\u5458\u7684\u8bdd\u5c31\u6ca1\u95ee\u9898\u3002 \u770b\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u6211\u6709\u57fa\u7840\u4e86\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\u63d0\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u4e00\u573a\u6218\u5f79\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u5b97\u6559\u6d3e\u522b\uff0c\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u6211\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u90fd\u7565\u77e5\u4e00\u4e8c\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u77e5\u9053\u5728\u8bf4\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e86\uff08\u5b97\u6559\u6d3e\u522b\u8fd8\u662f\u4e0d\u592a\u6e05\u695a\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u66f4\u8ba9\u6211\u786e\u5b9a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[320,319,321],"class_list":["post-2459","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-11","tag-british-civil-war","tag-oliver-cromwell","tag-sr-gardiner"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.miahavero.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2459","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.miahavero.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.miahavero.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.miahavero.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.miahavero.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2459"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/blog.miahavero.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2459\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2465,"href":"https:\/\/blog.miahavero.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2459\/revisions\/2465"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.miahavero.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2459"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.miahavero.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2459"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.miahavero.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2459"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}