{"id":2526,"date":"2021-11-09T20:23:38","date_gmt":"2021-11-09T12:23:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.miahavero.me\/?p=2526"},"modified":"2021-11-09T20:23:38","modified_gmt":"2021-11-09T12:23:38","slug":"century-of-revolution-1603-1714","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.miahavero.me\/?p=2526","title":{"rendered":"\u6211\u597d\u50cf\u770b\u89c1\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u8bde\u751f Century of Revolution 1603 &#8211; 1714"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<p>Christopher Hill \u7684\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\uff0c\u662f Revolutions Podcast \u7684\u4e66\u5355\u91cc\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u957f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5bf9\u8bfb\u8005\u6709\u70b9\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6709\u70b9\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u4e66\u4e0a\u7684\u53d9\u4e8b\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u7ec3\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7bc7\u5e45\u5206\u5404\u79cd\u65b9\u9762\u6765\u5206\u6790\uff1a\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3001\u6587\u5316\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u5728\u5f00\u5934\u8bf4\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u8fd9\u6bb5\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u90fd\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u7ffb\u5929\u8986\u5730\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u6211\u770b\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u60f3\u5230\u7684\u5c5e\u4e8e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u5f88\u591a\u4e1c\u897f\uff1a\u8bae\u4f1a\u4e3b\u6743\uff08\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u56fd\u738b\u4e3b\u6743\uff09\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u5bbd\u5bb9\u3001\u7406\u6027\u65f6\u4ee3\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u542f\u8499\u3001\u94f6\u884c\u548c\u91d1\u878d\u3001\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u90fd\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\u8bde\u751f\u548c\/\u6216\u52a0\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u8fdb\u5165\u4e3b\u6d41\u7684\u3002\u800c\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u65e5\u540e\u5bf9\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u6b96\u6c11\uff0c\u628a\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e26\u5230\u4e86\u5168\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u770b\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u8ba9\u6211\u66f4\u60f3\u4e86\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u7406\u89e3\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e66\u7684\u6807\u9898\u4e2d\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u5e74\u4efd\uff0c\u662f\u65af\u56fe\u4e9a\u7279\u738b\u671d\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u548c\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662f\u4f0a\u4e3d\u838e\u767d\u4e00\u4e16\u53bb\u4e16\u548c\u5b89\u59ae\u5973\u738b\u53bb\u4e16\u7684\u5e74\u4efd\u3002\u4e66\u5206\u4e86\u56db\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n\t<li>1603\u52301640\uff0c\u5185\u6218\u5f00\u59cb\u4e4b\u524d<\/li>\n\t<li>1640\u52301660\uff0c\u5185\u6218\u3001\u5171\u548c\u3001\u62a4\u56fd\u516c\u65f6\u671f<\/li>\n\t<li>1660\u52301688\uff0c\u65af\u56fe\u4e9a\u7279\u738b\u671d\u590d\u8f9f<\/li>\n\t<li>1688\u52301714\uff0c\u5149\u8363\u9769\u547d\u4e4b\u540e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e66\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u7ae0\u5f88\u77ed\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6982\u8ff0\u3002\u91cd\u70b9\u662f\u540e\u9762\u5206\u6790\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u7b49\u7684\u7ae0\u8282\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u4e0e\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8bb0\u5f97\u4e4b\u524d\u8bfb\u7684 <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.miahavero.me\/?p=1896\">Very Short Introduction<\/a> \u91cc\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u7684\u90a3\u672c\u4e66\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u4e0d\u5c11\u65b0\u6559\u548c\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u7684\u533a\u522b\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u89c9\u5f97\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u8fd9\u4e9b\u73b0\u5728\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u90fd\u662f\u65b0\u6559\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u3002\u6211\u8bb0\u5f97 VSI \u91cc\u9762\u7684\u8bba\u636e\u6709\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e5f\u540c\u65f6\u5728\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u56fd\u5bb6\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u90a3\u672c\u4e66\u7ea0\u6b63\u4e86\u4e00\u70b9\u6211\u539f\u5148\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u8bef\u89e3\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u770b\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u53c8\u8ba9\u90a3\u4e9b\u8bef\u89e3\u56de\u6765\u4e86\u3002\u4f46\u6211\u4e5f\u597d\u50cf\u660e\u767d\u4e86\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6211\uff08\u4eec\uff1f\uff09\u8fd9\u4e48\u5bb9\u6613\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5370\u8c61\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u5728\u82f1\u683c\u5170\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u7684\u786e\u662f\u65b0\u6559\u4e00\u8d77\u8bde\u751f\u7684\u3002\u800c\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u540e\u6765\u53d8\u6210\u5927\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\uff0c\u6b96\u6c11\u5168\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u662f\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u7684\u65b0\u6559\u5f92\u79fb\u6c11\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u53d9\u8ff0\u601d\u8def\u662f\u5728\u82f1\u7f8e\u4f53\u7cfb\u91cc\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u6709\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bef\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<p>\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u5185\u6218\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u7ee7\u7eed\u62d2\u7edd\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\uff0c\u5bf9\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u548c\u6781\u6743\u7edf\u6cbb\u662f\u7d27\u5bc6\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\uff0c\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u6765\u8bf4\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u65e0\u7591\u662f\u548c\u65b0\u6559\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u3002\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\uff0c\u4ece\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u8d38\u6613\u4e5f\u662f\u8bae\u4f1a\u65b9\u7279\u522b\u60f3\u8981\u7684\u3002\u56fd\u738b\u4e3a\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6536\u5165\u800c\u5356\u7279\u8bb8 \uff08monopoly\uff09\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5c31\u662f\u4e70\u4e86\u7279\u8bb8\u7ecf\u8425\u6743\u7684\u5546\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u751f\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a\u5145\u65a5\u7740\u8d28\u91cf\u5dee\u4ef7\u683c\u9ad8\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002\u4e66\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff0c\u5185\u6218\u53cc\u65b9\u4e0d\u662f\u56fd\u738b\u548c\u8bae\u4f1a\uff0c\u800c\u662f court and nation\u3002\u4ece\u5bf9\u5916\u6218\u4e89\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\u6765\u53cc\u65b9\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u6001\u5ea6\u3002\u56fd\u738b\u6253\u4ed7\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4f9d\u7167\u7687\u5ba4\u7684\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u4e00\u4f1a\u513f\u8981\u6253\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u4e00\u4f1a\u513f\u8981\u6253\u6cd5\u56fd\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f20\u7edf\u654c\u4eba\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u62a4\u56fd\u516c\u65f6\u671f\u4e3b\u8981\u6253\u7684\u662f\u8377\u5170\uff08\u548c\u6cd5\u56fd\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u5468\u65cb\uff0c\u8054\u5408\u4e00\u65b9\u6253\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\uff09\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u514b\u4f26\u5a01\u5c14\u975e\u5e38\u5e0c\u671b\u548c\u8377\u5170\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b0\u6559\u5171\u548c\u5236\u56fd\u5bb6\u8054\u76df\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fd8\u662f\u9009\u62e9\u4e3a\u4e86\u8d38\u6613\u548c\u8377\u5170\u6253\u3002\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u94f6\u884c\u4e5f\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\u8bde\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u80cc\u540e\u662f\u8bae\u4f1a\u7684\u4fe1\u7528\uff08\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u56fd\u738b\u4fe1\u7528\u5f88\u4f4e\uff09\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u4e66\u91cc\u8bf4\u8d28\u7591\u6743\u5a01\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u7cbe\u795e\u4e5f\u5f97\u76ca\u4e8e\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u542c\u8d77\u6765\u975e\u5e38\u5408\u7406\u3002\u57f9\u6839\u662f\u6e05\u6559\u5f92\u51fa\u8eab\uff1b\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u7269\u7406\u8bfe\u5316\u5b66\u8bfe\u91cc\u5b66\u5230\u7684\uff1a\u6ce2\u4e49\u8033\u3001\u80e1\u514b\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u8bf4\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3\u770b\u6765\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u56fd\u738b\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3\u53d1\u5c55\u8d77\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u4f8b\u5916\u662f\u725b\u987f\u3002\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u9700\u8981\u56de\u5fc6\u4e00\u4e0b\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u56fd\u5bb6\u5bf9\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u8bb0\u5f97\u8fd8\u6709\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8def\u7ebf\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u9769\u547d\u66f4\u597d<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u7684\u5171\u548c\u5236\u9769\u547d\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u5931\u8d25\u4e86\uff1f\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u541b\u4e3b\u5230\u73b0\u5728\u4ecd\u7136\u5728\u4f4d\u3002\u4e66\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff0c\u9769\u547d\u5230\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u8bae\u4f1a\u6d3e\u65e0\u6cd5\u56e2\u7ed3\u4e86\u3002\u6211\u53d1\u73b0\u6211\u5728\u60f3\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u56e2\u7ed3\u6211\u66f4\u559c\u6b22\u3002\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u9769\u547d\u6bd4\u6210\u529f\u7684\u9769\u547d\u66f4\u597d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd8\u662f\u5728\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u5728\u8ffd\u6c42\u60f3\u8981\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u8ffd\u9010\u6743\u529b\u3002\u65af\u56fe\u4e9a\u7279\u738b\u671d\u7684\u590d\u8f9f\uff0c\u8fd9\u8be5\u662f\u9769\u547d\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u5224\u51b3\u4e86\u5427\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ae0\u7684\u5f00\u5934\u4f5c\u8005\u7528\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u5374\u7ed9\u4eba\u611f\u89c9\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4e0d\u50cf\u4ee5\u524d\u662f\u56fd\u738b\u53ec\u96c6\u8bae\u4f1a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56fd\u738b\u662f\u8bae\u4f1a\u53ec\u56de\u7684\u3002\u201d\u8fd9\u4e48\u4e00\u60f3\uff0c\u9769\u547d\u662f\u5f7b\u5e95\u80dc\u5229\u4e86\u3002\u8bae\u4f1a\u548c\u56fd\u738b\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5f7b\u5e95\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\uff0c\u518d\u4e5f\u56de\u4e0d\u53bb\u4e86\u3002\u7f57\u7d20\u66fe\u7ecf\u8bf4\uff0c\u5149\u8363\u9769\u547d\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u597d\u7684\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u5f88\u5c0f\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5b8c\u5168\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u3002\u7f57\u7d20\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7956\u5148\u5728\u5149\u8363\u9769\u547d\u524d\u7684 Rye House Plot \u91cc\u88ab\u5904\u51b3\uff0c\u7f57\u7d20\u63d0\u5230\u5149\u8363\u9769\u547d\u65f6\u8bed\u6c14\u91cc\u7684\u81ea\u8c6a\u5f88\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u770b\u4e86\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u4f60\u611f\u89c9\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5185\u6218\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u5149\u8363\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5728\u4e8e\u5185\u6218\u8ba9\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u4e0d\u60f3\u518d\u5185\u6218\u4e86\uff0c\u66f4\u5728\u4e8e\u56fd\u738b\u548c\u8bae\u4f1a\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u624d\u8ba9\u8bae\u4f1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u7edf\u6cbb\u6743\u79fb\u4ea4\u7ed9 William \u548c Mary\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<p>\u800c\u4e00\u4e9b\u66f4\u5173\u952e\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5728\u5185\u6218\u548c\u5171\u548c\u65f6\u671f\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\uff1a\u5927\u81e3\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u56fd\u738b\u79c1\u4eba\u7684\u670b\u53cb\uff0c\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u4eba\u662f\u516c\u52a1\u5458\uff0ccivil servant\u3002\u4ece\u519b\u961f\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4efb\u547d\u6839\u636e\u7684\u662f\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u519b\u961f\u5f88\u957f\u65f6\u671f\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002\u800c Member of Parliament \u8fd9\u65f6\u5f00\u59cb\u4ec5\u6307\u4ee3\u4e0b\u9662\u8bae\u5458\uff0c\u5185\u6218\u548c\u5171\u548c\u65f6\u671f\u4ed6\u4eec\u548c\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86 MP \u4ee3\u8868\u8bae\u5458\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u3002\u53d1\u5c55\u5230\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u56fd\u738b\u7684 first minister\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u53d7\u5230\u4e0b\u9662\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\u82f1\u56fd\u9996\u76f8\u662f\u4e0b\u9662\u591a\u6570\u515a\u9996\u8111\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u6b64\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u73b0\u4ee3\u7ecf\u6d4e<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6211\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u786e\u5b9a\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u91cc\u6709\u63d0\u5230 Adam Smith <sup><a id=\"ffn1\" href=\"#fn1\" class=\"footnote\">1<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u597d\u51e0\u6b21\u6211\u60f3\u5230\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5386\u53f2\u7ecf\u9a8c\u80af\u5b9a\u662f Adam Smith \u7684\u6765\u6e90\u3002\u56fd\u738b\u5356\u7684\u7279\u8bb8\u53eb\u505a monopoly\uff0c\u90a3\u6bb5\u5386\u53f2\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u56fd\u738b\u4e3a\u4e86\u8d5a\u94b1\u800c\u8bbe\u7684\u7ba1\u5236\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u8d28\u91cf\u9ad8\u6210\u672c\u4f4e\u7684\u5546\u54c1\u81ea\u5df1\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u6548\u7387\u6bd4\u7ba1\u5236\u9ad8\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u8fd9\u672c\u4e661688\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u91cc\u6709\u8bf4\u5230\u5f53\u65f6\u82f1\u56fd\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u8d38\u6613\u975e\u5e38\u901a\u7545\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u533a\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u81ea\u7ed9\u81ea\u8db3\u51fa\u4ea7\u6240\u6709\u5fc5\u9700\u54c1\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u8ba9\u4eba\u60f3\u5230\u300a\u56fd\u5bcc\u8bba\u300b\u91cc\u7684 division of labor \u501f\u9274\u4e86\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<p>\u5173\u4e8e\u8d38\u6613\u6211\u8fd8\u60f3\u5230\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728 The Divide \u91cc\u9762\u770b\u5230\u8bf4\u6b27\u7f8e\u73b0\u5728\u8981\u6c42\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u6253\u5f00\u5e02\u573a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6b3a\u8d1f\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5c31\u662f\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u770b\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u7684\u8fd9\u6bb5\u5386\u53f2\u611f\u89c9\u5370\u8bc1\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002\u81ea\u7531\u8d38\u6613\u4e0d\u662f\u90a3\u4e48\u81ea\u7136\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u90fd\u662f\u5f3a\u884c\u3002\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u5171\u548c\u65f6\u671f\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5bf9\u5916\u6218\u4e89\u5c31\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8d38\u6613\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5bf9\u5386\u53f2\u611f\u5174\u8da3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>We shall often misinterpret men&#8217;s thoughts and actions if we do not continually remind ourselves of this background of potential unrest.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u73b0\u5728\u56de\u53bb\u7406\u89e3\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u662f\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u4eba\u65e0\u6cd5\u60f3\u8c61\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u8bae\u4f1a\u65b9\u773c\u91cc\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u6781\u6743\u7edf\u6cbb\uff0c\u65b0\u6559\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u81ea\u7531\u653f\u6cbb\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u6781\u53f3\u6d3e\u4e2d\u5c31\u6709\u65b0\u6559\u6781\u7aef\u6d3e\u3002\u518d\u6bd4\u5982\u6211\u662f\u4e00\u76f4\u4e0d\u7406\u89e3\u56fd\u738b\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u80af\u548c\u8bae\u4f1a\u59a5\u534f\uff0c\u653e\u5f03\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u518d\u660e\u663e\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u5229\u3002\u4e66\u4e0a\u8bf4\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u4e0d\u4ece\u5b97\u6559\u65b9\u9762\u6765\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5f02\u7aef\u90aa\u8bf4\u88ab\u56fd\u738b\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u6bd4\u8f83\u5bb9\u6613\u7406\u89e3\u4e86\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u5f88\u591a political debate \u91cc\u80af\u5b9a\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u8352\u8c2c\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u3001\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e3\u85d5\u7684\u62c5\u5fe7\uff0c\u5728\u4ee5\u540e\u7684\u4eba\u770b\u6765\u4f1a\u5f88\u96be\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u73b0\u5728\u5bf9\u5386\u53f2\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u6700\u5927\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<p>\u8bfb\u5230 Putney Debates \u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u770b\u5230 Ireton \u56de\u5e94 the Levellers \u8bf4\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Liberty cannot be provided for in a general sense if property be preserved.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u53e5\u8bdd\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u6211\u60f3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u60f3\u7684\u610f\u601d\u5417\uff1f\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0b\u4e00\u53e5\u8bc1\u5b9e\u662f\u7684\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>A doctrine of natural rights would lead to communism.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u4f5c\u8005 Christopher Hill \u7ecf\u5e38\u88ab\u4eba\u8bf4\u662f\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002\u6211\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u786e\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b9a\u4e49\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4ed6\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u60f3\u6cd5\u6216\u8005\u601d\u8def\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u6700\u597d\u7684\u5f62\u6001\u662f\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\uff1f\u6216\u8005\uff0c\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55\u5fc5\u987b\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e9b\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a\u539f\u59cb\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u5c01\u5efa\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u793e\u4f1a\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u9636\u6bb5\u8bf4\uff0c\u798f\u5c71\u7684\u4e66\u91cc\u6709\u6279\u8bc4\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u786e\u662f\u6839\u636e\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u548c\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u60f3\u51fa\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u770b\u6765\u662f\u5408\u7406\u7684\u3002\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u4ece\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u91cc\u524d\u9762\u8bf4\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u5386\u53f2\u89c2\u90fd\u770b\u4e0d\u592a\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u70b9\u4f5c\u8005\u662f\u7b26\u5408\u7684\uff1a\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u4f5c\u8005\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u548c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u5386\u53f2\u89c2\u4e00\u6837\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u72b6\u51b5\u51b3\u5b9a\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\uff1b\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u5728\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u773c\u91cc\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u9769\u547d\u5c31\u662f\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u9769\u547d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<p>\u81ea\u4ece\u4e24\u6b21\u5728 Sinica \u8282\u76ee\u91cc\u542c\u5230\u6709\u4eba\u63d0\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u7ecf\u5e38\u770b\u5bf9\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u89c9\u5f97\u50cf CCP\u3002\u672c\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u662f\u5bf9\u8bf4\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bf4\u6cd5\u4e0d\u4ee5\u4e3a\u610f\u7684\u3002\u4e5f\u8bb8\u8fd9\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4f60\u600e\u4e48\u5b9a\u4e49\u5b97\u6559\u5427\u3002\u6211\u89c9\u5f97 CCP \u50cf\u6559\u4f1a\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u6df1\u5165\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u89d2\u89d2\u843d\u843d\uff0c\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u4e2d\u592e\u63a7\u5236\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u9014\u5f84\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u60f3\uff0c\u8bae\u4f1a\u8981\u6c42\u5730\u65b9\u81ea\u5df1\u9009\u6559\u4f1a\u4eba\u5458\uff08\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5927\u4e3b\u6559\u6307\u6d3e\uff09\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u6751\u6c11\u8981\u6c42\u81ea\u5df1\u9009\u6751\u59d4\u4e66\u8bb0\u3002\u5ef6\u7eed\u8fd9\u4e2a\u601d\u8def\uff0c\u6751\u957f\u4e0d\u662f\u515a\u5e72\u90e8\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e00\u822c\u800c\u8a00\u8981\u662f\u515a\u5458\uff0c\u8fd9\u548c\u4ee5\u524d\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u7684\u4e16\u4fd7\u653f\u5e9c\u4e00\u822c\u4e5f\u90fd\u662f\u4fe1\u5f92\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u601d\u8def\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u65b0\u9896\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u60f3\u51fa\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1fsectarian \u662f\uff1freligious toleration\u662f\uff1f\u514b\u4f26\u5a01\u5c14\u8bf4\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5b50\u6c11\u5c31\u8981\u8ba9\u4ed6\u80fd\u53d7\u5230\u653f\u5e9c\u4fdd\u62a4\uff0c\u6362\u6210\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u8bdd\u2026\u2026\uff08\u60f3\u4e86\u4e00\u4e0b\u6211\u65e0\u6cd5\u60f3\u8c61\u5bbd\u5bb9\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\uff09\u518d\u5f80\u8fdc\u4e00\u70b9\u60f3\uff0c\u6211\u770b\u5230 Wikipedia \u4e0a\u8bf4\u5965\u5a01\u5c14\u662f\u65e0\u795e\u8bba\u8005\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u89c9\u5f97\u53c2\u4e0e\u6559\u4f1a\u6d3b\u52a8\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e0d\u76f8\u4fe1\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4e0d\u559c\u6b22\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u89c9\u5f97\u5e94\u8be5\u7ef4\u62a4\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7edf\u6cbb\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u60f3\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u89c9\u5f97\u5965\u5a01\u5c14\u4e0d\u884c\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<p>\u6211\u6700\u8fd1\u51e0\u5e74\u770b\u4e66\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u672c\u6765\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u4e0d\u592a\u6e05\u695a\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\uff0c\u4ece\u6211\u8bfb\u66fc\u6606\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u539f\u7406\u90a3\u4e00\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u5bfb\u627e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\uff1a\u6c11\u4e3b\u662f\u54ea\u91cc\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u600e\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\uff1f\u5173\u952e\u662f\u7ecf\u6d4e\uff1f\u662f\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff1f\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u91cc\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u65e0\u77e5\u7684\u8db3\u8ff9\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u5185\u5bb9\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e71\u901b\uff0c\u5230\u5341\u4e03\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u9a7b\u8db3\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c2\u5bdf\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u8bde\u751f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u662f\u600e\u6837\u53d8\u6210\u73b0\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u73b0\u5728\u5411\u5f80\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u600e\u6837\u8bde\u751f\u7684\uff08\u5f80\u5f80\u5b83\u4eec\u8bde\u751f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u548c\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u5f88\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\uff09\u3002\u751a\u81f3\u6211\u4f1a\u5411\u5f80\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4e5f\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n\t<li id=\"fn1\">\u641c\u4e86\u4e00\u4e0b\u6709\u4e09\u5904\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u3002\u4e00\u5904\u5f15\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u6bb5\u8bdd\u8bf4\u90a3\u65f6\u8981\u8d5a\u94b1\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u5e02\u573a\u3001\u8bb0\u5f55\u6536\u652f\uff1b\u4e00\u5904\u8bf4 James Harrington \u662f Smith \u7684\u5148\u9a71\uff1bEpilogue \u91cc\u8fd8\u63d0\u5230\u3002\u4e09\u5904\u90fd\u597d\u50cf\u6ca1\u6709\u8bf4\u6211\u60f3\u7684\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5386\u53f2\u662f Smith \u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u7684\u6750\u6599\u3002 <a href=\"#ffn1\">&#8617;<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Christopher Hill \u7684\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\uff0c\u662f Revolutions Podcast \u7684\u4e66\u5355\u91cc\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u957f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5bf9\u8bfb\u8005\u6709\u70b9\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6709\u70b9\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u4e66\u4e0a\u7684\u53d9\u4e8b\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u7ec3\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7bc7\u5e45\u5206\u5404\u79cd\u65b9\u9762\u6765\u5206\u6790\uff1a\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3001\u6587\u5316\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u5728\u5f00\u5934\u8bf4\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u8fd9\u6bb5\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u90fd\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u7ffb\u5929\u8986\u5730\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u6211\u770b\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u60f3\u5230\u7684\u5c5e\u4e8e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u5f88\u591a\u4e1c\u897f\uff1a\u8bae\u4f1a\u4e3b\u6743\uff08\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u56fd\u738b\u4e3b\u6743\uff09\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u5bbd\u5bb9\u3001\u7406\u6027\u65f6\u4ee3\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u542f\u8499\u3001\u94f6\u884c\u548c\u91d1\u878d\u3001\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u90fd\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\u8bde\u751f\u548c\/\u6216\u52a0\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u8fdb\u5165\u4e3b\u6d41\u7684\u3002\u800c\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u65e5\u540e\u5bf9\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u6b96\u6c11\uff0c\u628a\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e26\u5230\u4e86\u5168\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u770b\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u8ba9\u6211\u66f4\u60f3\u4e86\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u7406\u89e3\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u3002 \u4e66\u7684\u6807\u9898\u4e2d\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u5e74\u4efd\uff0c\u662f\u65af\u56fe\u4e9a\u7279\u738b\u671d\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u548c\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662f\u4f0a\u4e3d\u838e\u767d\u4e00\u4e16\u53bb\u4e16\u548c\u5b89\u59ae\u5973\u738b\u53bb\u4e16\u7684\u5e74\u4efd\u3002\u4e66\u5206\u4e86\u56db\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff1a 1603\u52301640\uff0c\u5185\u6218\u5f00\u59cb\u4e4b\u524d 1640\u52301660\uff0c\u5185\u6218\u3001\u5171\u548c\u3001\u62a4\u56fd\u516c\u65f6\u671f 1660\u52301688\uff0c\u65af\u56fe\u4e9a\u7279\u738b\u671d\u590d\u8f9f 1688\u52301714\uff0c\u5149\u8363\u9769\u547d\u4e4b\u540e \u4e66\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u7ae0\u5f88\u77ed\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6982\u8ff0\u3002\u91cd\u70b9\u662f\u540e\u9762\u5206\u6790\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u7b49\u7684\u7ae0\u8282\u3002 \u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u4e0e\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb \u8bb0\u5f97\u4e4b\u524d\u8bfb\u7684 Very Short Introduction \u91cc\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u7684\u90a3\u672c\u4e66\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u4e0d\u5c11\u65b0\u6559\u548c\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u7684\u533a\u522b\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u89c9\u5f97\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u8fd9\u4e9b\u73b0\u5728\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u90fd\u662f\u65b0\u6559\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u3002\u6211\u8bb0\u5f97 VSI \u91cc\u9762\u7684\u8bba\u636e\u6709\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e5f\u540c\u65f6\u5728\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u56fd\u5bb6\u53d1\u5c55\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u90a3\u672c\u4e66\u7ea0\u6b63\u4e86\u4e00\u70b9\u6211\u539f\u5148\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u8bef\u89e3\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u770b\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u53c8\u8ba9\u90a3\u4e9b\u8bef\u89e3\u56de\u6765\u4e86\u3002\u4f46\u6211\u4e5f\u597d\u50cf\u660e\u767d\u4e86\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6211\uff08\u4eec\uff1f\uff09\u8fd9\u4e48\u5bb9\u6613\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5370\u8c61\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u5728\u82f1\u683c\u5170\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u7684\u786e\u662f\u65b0\u6559\u4e00\u8d77\u8bde\u751f\u7684\u3002\u800c\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u540e\u6765\u53d8\u6210\u5927\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\uff0c\u6b96\u6c11\u5168\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u662f\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u7684\u65b0\u6559\u5f92\u79fb\u6c11\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u53d9\u8ff0\u601d\u8def\u662f\u5728\u82f1\u7f8e\u4f53\u7cfb\u91cc\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u6709\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bef\u89e3\u3002 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