Ronald Hutton, 2024<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u672c\u6765\u60f3\u5fcd\u4e00\u5fcd\u7701\u7740\u70b9\u7684\uff0c\u770b\u5b8c\u4e86\u7b49\u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u8981\u7b49\u5f88\u4e45\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd8\u662f\u6ca1\u5fcd\u4f4f\u76f4\u63a5\u770b\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u4ece1647\u5e74\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5185\u6218\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\u8bd5\u56fesettle\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u8bb2\u52301653\u5e74\u514b\u4f26\u5a01\u5c14\u89e3\u6563\u8bae\u4f1a\u30021647\u5e74\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u6211\u770b\u4e86\u4e24\u904d\u3002\u6211\u4e00\u76f4\u89c9\u5f97\u82f1\u56fd\u5185\u6218\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5f00\u7aef\uff08\u6c11\u4e3b\uff0c\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5f00\u7aef\uff09\u3002\u5c06\u8fd1\u56db\u767e\u5e74\u540e\u6211\u4eec\u4ecd\u7136\u5728\u7406\u89e3\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002Ronald Hutton\u7684\u53d9\u8ff0\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u4ed6\u672c\u4eba\u975e\u5e38\u8c26\u900a\u5bbd\u5bb9\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5f88\u653e\u5fc3\u4f9d\u8d56\u4ed6\u7684\u8bb2\u8ff0\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u5f88\u591a\u957f\u957f\u7684\u811a\u6ce8\u53d9\u8ff0\u4e86\u67d0\u4e2a\u8bdd\u9898\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e2d\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u6f14\u53d8\uff0c\u5217\u4e3e\u5f88\u591a\u522b\u4eba\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8ba8\u8bba\u600e\u6837settlement\uff0c\u6bd4\u6253\u4ed7\u6709\u8da3\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u519b\u961f\u3001\u8bae\u4f1a\u3001\u56fd\u738b\u4e09\u65b9\u65a1\u65cb\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u8fd8\u6709\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u3001\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u3002\u519b\u961f\u91cc\u6709radical\u548c\u76f8\u5bf9\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\uff0c\u8bae\u4f1a\u4e5f\u6709\u6fc0\u8fdb\u6d3e\u548c\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u519b\u5b98\u662f\u8bae\u5458\u3002\u5f62\u52bf\u975e\u5e38\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u6765\u6765\u56de\u56de\u8c08\u5224\u3002Hutton\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u519b\u961f\u6fc0\u8fdb\u6d3e\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff1a\u5b97\u6559\u5bbd\u5bb9\u3001\u9009\u533a\u6539\u9769\u7b49\uff0c\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u540e\u7eed\u51e0\u767e\u5e74\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u519b\u961f\u63d0\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e9b\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u81ea\u79c1\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u800c\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u5360\u4e0a\u98ce\uff08\u5728\u88ab\u519b\u961f\u5a01\u80c1\u548c\u8083\u6e05\u524d\uff09\u7684\u8bae\u4f1a\uff0c\u5219\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u5f53\u65f6\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4ee3\u8868\u66f4\u591a\u4eba\u7684\u610f\u613f\u3002\u4f46\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\uff0c\u519b\u961f\u5185\u90e8\u9009\u51faagitator\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u666e\u901a\u58eb\u5175\u548c\u519b\u5b98\u8c08\u5224\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u662f\u6c11\u4e3b\u8bd5\u9a8c\u7530\u3002\uff08\u81ea\u79c1\u4e0d\u80fd\u5426\u5b9a\u6c11\u4e3b\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6211\u6700\u521d\u8ff7\u4e0a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bdd\u9898\uff0c\u662f\u5728CH Firth\u7684\u4e66\u91cc\u8bfb\u5230\u514b\u4f26\u5a01\u5c14\u4ece\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u64a4\u519b\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e0e\u5176sack\u7231\u4e01\u5821\u57ce\u5821\uff0c\u96be\u9053\u5750\u4e0b\u6765\u5766\u8bda\u8ba8\u8bba\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5206\u6b67\u4e0d\u66f4\u597d\u5417\uff1f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u5f88\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u4ee5\u6765\u9a71\u52a8\u6211\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u4e86\u89e3\u8fd9\u53e5\u8bdd\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u4eba\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4fe1\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66cover\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u8303\u56f4\u91cc\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e66\u91cc\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u3002\u4e66\u91cc\u8bf4\u4e86\u5176\u5b9e\u4ed6\u5df2\u7ecf\u60f3\u5c3d\u529e\u6cd5\u6253\u82cf\u683c\u5170\uff0c\u6253\u4e86\u5f88\u4e45\uff08\u8bb0\u5f97\u662f\u8fc7\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u51ac\u5929\uff0c\u6253\u4e86\u4e00\u5e74\u591a\uff09\u3002\u53ea\u8bb0\u5f97Dunbar\u5927\u53cd\u8f6c\uff0c\u5230\u6700\u540eWorcester\u8d76\u8d70\u67e5\u7406\u4e8c\u4e16\uff0c\u662f\u4e2d\u4e86\u514b\u4f26\u5a01\u5c14\u5ba3\u4f20\u673a\u5668\u7684\u62db\u3002\u524d\u9762\u8ff7\u4f4f\u6211\u7684\u90a3\u5c01\u4fe1\u4e5f\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6709\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u6587\u5316\u7684\u9694\u9602\uff0c\u514b\u4f26\u5a01\u5c14\u7684\u5ba3\u4f20\u80fd\u529b\u8fd8\u662f\u5389\u5bb3\u5230\u80fd\u5ffd\u60a0\u5230\u6211\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6ca1\u60f3\u5230\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u5bf9\u6218\u4e89\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u70b9\u5174\u8da3\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u53d9\u8ff0\uff0c\u6211\u7406\u89e3\u514b\u4f26\u5a01\u5c14\u6253\u4ed7\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u5728\u4e8e\u4ed6\u5f88\u91cd\u89c6\u8c03\u52a8\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u800c\u8bae\u4f1a\u80fd\u7ed9\u5230\u4ed6\u8d44\u6e90\uff08\u8fd9\u91cc\u6709\u4ed6\u653f\u6cbb\u534f\u5546\u80fd\u529b\u5728\u91cc\u9762\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8bae\u4f1a\u638c\u63e1\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u540e\u7eed\u5f81\u670d\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u548c\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u3002\u8fd8\u60f3\u8bf4\u4e24\u70b9\u548c\u522b\u7684\u8bdd\u9898\u7684\u76f8\u5173\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u662f\u540e\u7eed\u770bAdam Tooze\u5199\u7684\u4e8c\u6218\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\uff0c\u66f4\u52a0\u5f3a\u4e86\u6211\u7406\u89e3\u91cc\u519b\u5907\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u4e5f\u8bb8\u519b\u5907\u7ade\u8d5b\u4e5f\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u5185\u6218\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u8981\u4ec0\u4e48\u8d44\u6e90\u90fd\u4e00\u70b9\u4e00\u70b9\u8ba8\u4ef7\u8fd8\u4ef7\uff0c\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u673a\u5236\u4e5f\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u4eba\u4e3a\u519b\u5907\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u3002\u4e5f\u8bb8\u662f\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u8fd9\u79cd\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u5927\u3002\u5230\u4e86\u4e8c\u6218\u7684\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u6743\u529b\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u519b\u5907\u53d8\u6210\u56fd\u5bb6\u8ba1\u5212\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u60f3\u6cd5\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u6218\u4e89\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u4ec0\u4e48\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u5185\u6218\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u7ecf\u5e38\u8bf4\u5230\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982Marston Moor\u540e\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u652f\u6301\u56fd\u738b\u7684\u5317\u65b9\u88ab\u8bae\u4f1a\u63a7\u5236\u4e86\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5fc3\u91cc\u662f\u652f\u6301\u56fd\u738b\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8bae\u4f1a\u6253\u8d62\u4e86\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u670d\u4ece\uff0c\u6700\u591a\u5728\u5fc3\u91cc\u5600\u5495\u3002\u6253\u4ed7\uff0c\u6253\u8f93\u4e86\u5750\u4e0b\u6765\u8c08\u5224\uff0c\u6211\u8d54\u94b1\uff0c\u8d54\u9886\u571f\u3001\u81ea\u7136\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c4\u5219\u597d\u50cf\u662f\u4eba\u7684\u672c\u80fd\u3002\u80dc\u8d1f\u7684\u53cc\u65b9\u6700\u7ec8\u8fd8\u662f\u88ab\u540c\u7b49\u5bf9\u5f85\uff0c\u5750\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u5f20\u8c08\u5224\u684c\u524d\uff0c\u7b7e\u7f72\u540c\u4e00\u4efd\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6b96\u6c11\u6218\u4e89\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u88ab\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u4e0d\u88ab\u5f53\u4f5c\u662f\u540c\u6837\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u62b5\u6297\u662f\u6e38\u51fb\u6218\u4e89\uff0calso known as\u6050\u6016\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u9644\uff1a\u770b\u4e24\u904d\u540e\u90fd\u89c9\u5f97\u6ca1\u5934\u7eea\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u5199\u4e00\u4e0b\u5230\u5e95\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u6765\u7406\u6e05\u601d\u8def\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u5199\u7684\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1647\u5e74\uff0c\u5185\u6218\u7ed3\u675f\u4e86\uff0c\u80dc\u5229\u7684\u4e00\u65b9\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u4eab\u6709\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u7737\u987e\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5c06\u5f97\u5230\u4ed6\u4eec\u60f3\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u5417\uff1f\u6ca1\u60f3\u5230\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u5e76\u80a9\u4f5c\u6218\u7684\u4e00\u65b9\uff0c\u60f3\u8981\u7684\u8fd8\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u8981\u8bf4\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u4e00\u65b9\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u4e00\u65b9\u5305\u62ec\u56fd\u738b\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u8c01\u4e5f\u60f3\u8c61\u4e0d\u4e86\u201c\u6062\u590d\u6b63\u5e38\u201d\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u653f\u5e9c\u91cc\u53ef\u4ee5\u6ca1\u6709\u56fd\u738b\u3002\u6253\u4ed7\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u201c\u80dc\u5229\u201d\u662f\u4e2a\u5f88\u660e\u663e\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6218\u540e\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u5206\u6b67\u8fd8\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u8c03\u548c\uff08\u8ba9\u4eba\u6000\u7591\u6253\u4ed7\u5230\u5e95\u80fd\u89e3\u51b3\u4ec0\u4e48\u95ee\u9898\uff09\uff0c1647\u5e74\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u8ba9\u4eba\u773c\u82b1\u7f2d\u4e71\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u5728\u524d\u8a00\u91cc\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c0f\u65f6\u5019\u5f88\u559c\u6b22\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\u5199\u5185\u6218\uff0c\u5199\u52301647\u5e74\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u53bb\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u56fd\u738b\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u662fAnglican Church\uff0c\u5185\u6218\u7684\u5bfc\u706b\u7d22\u5c31\u662f\u4ed6\u628a\u5728\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u63a8\u884c\u7684\u7948\u7977\u4e66\u63a8\u884c\u5230\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u5f15\u53d1\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u53db\u4e71\uff0cBishop\u2019s War\u5bfc\u81f4\u56fd\u738b\u5fc5\u987b\u53ec\u5f00\u8bae\u4f1a\u7b79\u94b1\uff0c\u800c\u8bae\u4f1a11\u5e74\u6ca1\u6709\u5f00\uff0c\u79ef\u6028\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u77db\u76fe\u5347\u7ea7\u5f00\u6218\u3002\u8fd97\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u56fd\u738b\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u6743\u529b\u88ab\u524a\u5f31\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u73b0\u5728\u4ed6\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bc9\u6c42\u662f\u91cd\u65b0\u83b7\u5f97\u541b\u738b\u7684\u6743\u529b\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u5bf9\u519b\u961f\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u6743\uff0c\u5916\u4ea4\u51b3\u5b9a\u6743\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5927\u81e3\u7684\u4efb\u547d\u6743\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u81f3\u5c11\uff0c\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u9650\u5236\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u8981\u4e3a\u4ed6\u7684\u7ee7\u627f\u4eba\u4e89\u53d6\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u628a\u4ed6\u4ece\u81ea\u5df1\u7236\u4eb2\u90a3\u91cc\u7ee7\u627f\u6765\u7684\u6743\u529b\u4f20\u7ed9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7ee7\u627f\u4eba\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u70b9\u662f\u4ed6\u60f3\u8981\u5c3d\u91cf\u5e87\u62a4\u5185\u6218\u4e2d\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5185\u6218\u4e2d\u8bae\u4f1a\u519b\u8054\u5408\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u6765\u5bf9\u6297\u56fd\u738b\u3002\u548c\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u7684\u8054\u5408\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u8bae\u4f1a\u5ba3\u8a93\u8981\u5728\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u63a8\u884c\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u7ec4\u7ec7\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6d3e\u522b\u4ee5\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u5b97\u6559\u5f62\u5f0f\u547d\u540d\uff0c\u53ebPresbyterian\u3002\u76f8\u5bf9\u800c\u8a00\u53e6\u4e00\u6d3e\u53ebIndependent\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u4fe1\u4ef0\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bc9\u6c42\u56fd\u5bb6\u53ef\u4ee5\u662fPresbyterian Church\uff0c\u4f46\u4e2a\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u53c2\u52a0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u5404\u79cdsect\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u76f8\u4fe1\u4e0d\u8be5\u51fa\u751f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u53d7\u6d17\u793c\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u521a\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u8d35\u683c\u4f1a\u7b49\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5f92\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9bsects\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u6765\u770b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7b80\u76f4\u662f\u5f02\u7aef\u90aa\u8bf4\u3002\u514b\u4f26\u5a01\u5c14\u4e0d\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2asect\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u662findependent\u3002\u519b\u961f\u4e2d\u672c\u6765\u4e5f\u662f\u4e24\u6d3e\u90fd\u6709\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6e10\u6e10Presbyterian\u7684\u4eba\u88ab\u6324\u8d70\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u662f\u519b\u5b98\u3002\u58eb\u5175\u4e2dindependent\u548csectarian\u66f4\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1647\u5e74\u521d\uff0c\u58eb\u5175\u5173\u5fc3\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u8bae\u4f1a\u9700\u8981\u652f\u4ed8\u6b20\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u519b\u9977\uff0c\u548c\u901a\u8fc7\u8d66\u514d\u6218\u4e89\u671f\u95f4\u519b\u961f\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u8bae\u6848\u3002\u8bae\u4f1a\u5219\u66f4\u5173\u5fc3\u652f\u4ed8\u519b\u961f\u7684\u5f81\u7a0e\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u6d3e\u519b\u961f\u53bb\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u6446\u5e73\u5f53\u5730\u7684\u53db\u4e71\u3002\u8bae\u4f1a\u6025\u7740\u89e3\u6563\u519b\u961f\uff0c\u4fdd\u7559\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u6d3e\u53bb\u7231\u5c14\u5170\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u58eb\u5175\u5f3a\u70c8\u4e0d\u6ee1\u3002\u5404\u4e2a\u519b\u56e2\u81ea\u5df1\u9009agitator\u4ee3\u8868\u4ed6\u4eec\u5411\u519b\u5b98\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\u8981\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u540c\u65f6\u5728\u4f26\u6566\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u6fc0\u8fdb\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u4f20\u5f00\u6765\uff0c\u548c\u6fc0\u8fdb\u6d3e\u58eb\u5175\u5929\u7136\u8054\u5408\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8bae\u4f1a\u4e0b\u9662\u4e3b\u6743\uff0c\u4e0a\u9662\u548c\u56fd\u738b\u4e0d\u80fd\u5426\u51b3\u4e0b\u9662\u901a\u8fc7\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u81ea\u7531\uff08\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u662f\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\uff09\u548c\u4e0d\u7ed9\u56fd\u5bb6\u6559\u4f1a\u652f\u4ed8\u4ec0\u4e00\u7a0e\uff0c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7b80\u5316\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0d\u5ba1\u5224\u5c31\u5173\u62bc\u4eba\u3002\u8bae\u4f1a\u51b3\u8bae\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e00\u4e9b\u58eb\u5175\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u60f3\u8981\u5e73\u606f\u4e0d\u6ee1\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u8d66\u514d\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u91c7\u53d6\u4e00\u4e9b\u63aa\u65bd\u6765\u652f\u4ed8\u62d6\u6b20\u7684\u519b\u9977\uff0c\u6276\u6301\u519b\u5c5e\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u9000\u4f0d\u58eb\u5175\u66f4\u5feb\u627e\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8981\u7acb\u5373\u89e3\u6563\u519b\u961f\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u58eb\u5175\u6b64\u65f6\u5df2\u7ecf\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ec5\u63a5\u53d7\u8fd9\u4e9b\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u770b\u6765\u5982\u679c\u56fd\u738b\u53d6\u5f97\u56de\u541b\u738b\u7684\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u4ed6\u6539\u5199\u3002\u519b\u961f\u7684\u8bc9\u6c42\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u8981\u6c42\u8bae\u4f1a\u4e2d\u53cd\u5bf9\u519b\u961f\u7684\u8bae\u5458\u8981\u88ab\u60e9\u7f5a\u3002\u519b\u961f\u5185\u90e8\u7ec4\u6210General Council\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5404\u519b\u56e2\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u548c\u519b\u5b98\uff0c\u8ba8\u8bba\u5927\u5bb6\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u516d\u6708\u4efd\u8ba8\u8bba\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6(A Representation of the Army)\uff0c\u91cc\u9762\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u8981\u6c42\u8bae\u4f1a\u9700\u8981\u89e3\u6563\u91cd\u65b0\u9009\u4e3e\uff0c\u9009\u4e3e\u6743\u548c\u9009\u533a\u6539\u9769\u3002\u4e03\u6708\u4efd\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2aHeads of Proposals\uff0c\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u6761\u4ef6\u91cc\u52a0\u4e0aCouncil of State\uff0c\u548c\u56fd\u738b\u5171\u540c\u63a7\u5236\u519b\u961f\uff0c\u800c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5927\u81e3\u7531\u8bae\u4f1a\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8fd9\u671f\u95f4\u53d1\u751f\u4e00\u4ef6\u795e\u79d8\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u519b\u8854\u6bd4\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u519b\u5b98Joyce\u5e26\u9886\u4e00\u961f\u58eb\u5175\u52ab\u6301\u4e86\u56fd\u738b\u3002\u56fd\u738b\u672c\u6765\u88abPresbyterian\u519b\u5b98\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002Joyce\u628a\u56fd\u738b\u5e26\u5230\u4e86\u519b\u961f\u5927\u672c\u8425\u9644\u8fd1\uff0c\u519b\u961f\u51b3\u5b9a\u628a\u4ed6\u5b89\u6392\u5728\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u8c6a\u5b85\u91cc\u3002\u540e\u6765\u519b\u961f\u548c\u8bae\u4f1a\u5206\u6b67\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u519b\u961f\u5f00\u59cb\u8003\u8651\u5148\u548c\u56fd\u738b\u8fbe\u6210\u7ea6\u5b9a\u3002\u56fd\u738b\u5bf9\u519b\u961f\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u56de\u5e94\u662f\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u6539\u53d8\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b97\u6559\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u6c38\u4e45\u5931\u53bb\u4e00\u4e9b\u56fd\u738b\u7684\u6743\u529b\uff08Anglican\u548cPresbyterian\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u662f\uff0c\u4e3b\u6559\u7684\u4efb\u547d\u7531\u56fd\u738b\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5bf9\u56fd\u738b\u6765\u8bf4\u4e5f\u662f\u4ed6\u7edf\u6cbb\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u624b\u6bb5\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4f46\u662f\u519b\u961f\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8005\uff0c\u5728\u5168\u56fd\u6765\u770b\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u5c11\u6570\u3002\u4e03\u6708\u4e0b\u65ec\uff0c\u4f26\u6566\u4eba\u5165\u4fb5\u8bae\u4f1a\uff0c\u903c\u8feb\u8bae\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u51b3\u8bae\u53cd\u5bf9\u519b\u961f\u3002\u519b\u961f\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u662f\u5411\u4f26\u6566\u8fdb\u53d1\uff0c\u6b66\u529b\u5a01\u80c1\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u4f26\u6566\u6295\u964d\u3002\u519b\u961f\u9a7b\u624e\u5728\u4f26\u6566\u9644\u8fd1\u7684Putney\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u519b\u961f\u548c\u56fd\u738b\u7684\u534f\u5546\u59a5\u534f\u906d\u5230\u5185\u90e8\u53cd\u5bf9\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e5f\u5f88\u9891\u7e41\u3002\u4f26\u6566\u6fc0\u8fdb\u6d3e\u5f00\u59cb\u53d1\u8868\u4f20\u5355\u653b\u51fb\u519b\u961f\u9ad8\u5c42\u3002\u519b\u961f\u5e95\u5c42\u5199\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6The Case of the Armie Truly Stated\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u53c8\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6The Agreement of the People\u3002\u5341\u6708\u5e95\u5f00\u59cb\u76847\u5929\u8ba8\u8bba\u5c31\u662f\u8457\u540d\u7684Putney Debates\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6295\u7968\u6743\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u6709Rainsborough\u8bf4\u7684\u90a3\u53e5the poorest he has the same stakes as the richest he. \u524d\u4e09\u5929\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u662f\u6fc0\u8fdb\u6d3e\u5360\u4e0a\u98ce\uff0c\u6fc0\u8fdb\u6d3e\u8fd8\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u56fd\u738b\u5bf9\u662f\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u5ba1\u5224\u56fd\u738b\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u660e\u663e\u4e86\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u540e\u51e0\u5929\u91cc\u519b\u961f\u9ad8\u5c42\u5360\u4e0a\u98ce\u3002\u6700\u540e\u51b3\u5b9a\u5168\u90e8\u519b\u961f\u5206\u4e09\u6b21\u5927\u96c6\u5408\u3002\u4e00\u6b21\u96c6\u5408\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u53db\u4e71\uff0c\u53db\u4e71\u8005\u88ab\u6293\uff0c\u519b\u4e8b\u6cd5\u5ead\u5224\u51b3\u6b7b\u7f6a\u4e09\u4eba\uff0c\u5904\u51b3\u4e00\u4eba\u3002\u53c8\u662f\u6b66\u529b\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5904\u7406\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e73\u606f\u4e86\u519b\u961f\u7684\u66b4\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u56fd\u738b\u6b64\u65f6\u56e0\u4e3a\u89c9\u5f97\u5728\u519b\u961f\u603b\u90e8\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u9003\u79bb\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u4f4f\u5904\uff0c\u6765\u5230\u4e86\u6000\u7279\u5c9b\uff0c\u88ab\u4e00\u4f4d\u6bd4\u8f83\u540c\u60c5\u4ed6\u7684\u519b\u5b98\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002\u519b\u961f\u6fc0\u8fdb\u6d3e\u88ab\u7ba1\u5236\u540e\uff0c\u56fd\u738b\u89c9\u5f97\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ee7\u7eed\u548c\u519b\u961f\u8c08\u5224\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u519b\u961f\u9ad8\u5c42\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u7ee7\u7eed\u548c\u56fd\u738b\u8c08\u5224\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1\u6fc0\u8fdb\u6d3e\u518d\u6b21\u53db\u4e71\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u548c\u56fd\u738b\u8c08\u5224\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u8bae\u4f1a\u4e5f\u8bd5\u56fe\u548c\u56fd\u738b\u8c08\u5224\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8bae\u4f1a\u7684\u6709\u4e9b\u6761\u4ef6\u6bd4\u519b\u961f\u7684\u8fd8\u4e0d\u5229\u4e8e\u56fd\u738b\uff08\u8bae\u4f1a\u8981\u60e9\u7f5a\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4fdd\u7687\u515a\u4eba\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8981\u6c42\u5728\u8c08\u5224\u524d\u56fd\u738b\u5148\u5ba3\u544a\u4ed6\u6218\u4e89\u671f\u95f4\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6cd5\u4ee4\u548c\u518c\u5c01\u65e0\u6548\uff0c\u8bae\u4f1a\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6cd5\u4ee4\u90fd\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u519b\u961f\u5f52\u8bae\u4f1a\u7ba120\u5e74\uff09\u3002\u800c\u6b64\u65f6\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u4eba\u4e5f\u5728\u548c\u56fd\u738b\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u5728\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u519b\u961f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8fdd\u80cc\u4e86\u5f53\u521d\u4ed6\u4eec\u7ea6\u5b9a\u5728\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u89c4\u5b9aPresbyterian Church\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u8bc4\u8bba\u662f\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u519b\u961f\u8ba8\u8bba\u51fa\u7684\u5f88\u591a\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u540e\u7eed\u51e0\u767e\u5e74\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u770b\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u519b\u961f\u662f\u51fa\u4e8e\u81ea\u79c1\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u63d0\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8981\u6c42\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5ba3\u4f20\u4e2d\uff0c\u8c01\u8c01\u5728\u52fe\u7ed3\u56fd\u5916\u52bf\u529b\u7b49\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u5f88\u865a\u4f2a\u7684\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u8bae\u4f1a\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5408\u6cd5\u9014\u5f84\u6765\u63d0\u51fa\u51b3\u8bae\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6bd4\u519b\u961f\u66f4\u4ee3\u8868\u591a\u6570\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\uff0c\u519b\u961f\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u65b9\u5f0f\uff08\u81ea\u5df1\u9009agitator\uff09\uff0c\u771f\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u8bd5\u9a8c\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bd5\u9a8c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u903c\u8feb\u5408\u6cd5\u8bae\u4f1a\u670d\u4ece\u519b\u961f\uff0c\u628a\u5c11\u6570\u4eba\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\u5f3a\u52a0\u4e8e\u591a\u6570\u4eba\uff0c\u624b\u6bb5\u548c\u7ed3\u679c\u90fd\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u73b0\u4ee3\u5bf9\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u540e\u7eed\u662f\u8fd9\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u58eb\u5175\u548c\u653f\u5ba2\uff0c\u514b\u4f26\u5a01\u5c14\uff0c\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u548c\u8bae\u4f1a\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e00\u6b21\u5bf9\u65b0\u7684\u8bae\u4f1a\u5bc4\u4e88\u5e0c\u671b\uff0c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e00\u6b21\u89e3\u6563\u8bae\u4f1a\u3002\u518d\u540e\u7eed\u662f\u56fd\u738b\u5f52\u6765\u3002\u770b\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u5f00\u7aef\u8ba9\u4eba\u89c9\u5f97\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e16\u754c\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ronald Hutton, 2024 \u672c\u6765\u60f3\u5fcd\u4e00\u5fcd\u7701\u7740\u70b9\u7684\uff0c\u770b\u5b8c\u4e86\u7b49\u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u8981\u7b49\u5f88\u4e45\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd8\u662f\u6ca1\u5fcd\u4f4f\u76f4\u63a5\u770b\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u4ece1647\u5e74\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5185\u6218\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\u8bd5\u56fesettle\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u8bb2\u52301653\u5e74\u514b\u4f26\u5a01\u5c14\u89e3\u6563\u8bae\u4f1a\u30021647\u5e74\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u6211\u770b\u4e86\u4e24\u904d\u3002\u6211\u4e00\u76f4\u89c9\u5f97\u82f1\u56fd\u5185\u6218\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5f00\u7aef\uff08\u6c11\u4e3b\uff0c\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5f00\u7aef\uff09\u3002\u5c06\u8fd1\u56db\u767e\u5e74\u540e\u6211\u4eec\u4ecd\u7136\u5728\u7406\u89e3\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002Ronald Hutton\u7684\u53d9\u8ff0\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u4ed6\u672c\u4eba\u975e\u5e38\u8c26\u900a\u5bbd\u5bb9\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5f88\u653e\u5fc3\u4f9d\u8d56\u4ed6\u7684\u8bb2\u8ff0\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u5f88\u591a\u957f\u957f\u7684\u811a\u6ce8\u53d9\u8ff0\u4e86\u67d0\u4e2a\u8bdd\u9898\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e2d\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u6f14\u53d8\uff0c\u5217\u4e3e\u5f88\u591a\u522b\u4eba\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002 \u8ba8\u8bba\u600e\u6837settlement\uff0c\u6bd4\u6253\u4ed7\u6709\u8da3\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u519b\u961f\u3001\u8bae\u4f1a\u3001\u56fd\u738b\u4e09\u65b9\u65a1\u65cb\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u8fd8\u6709\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u3001\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u3002\u519b\u961f\u91cc\u6709radical\u548c\u76f8\u5bf9\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\uff0c\u8bae\u4f1a\u4e5f\u6709\u6fc0\u8fdb\u6d3e\u548c\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u519b\u5b98\u662f\u8bae\u5458\u3002\u5f62\u52bf\u975e\u5e38\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u6765\u6765\u56de\u56de\u8c08\u5224\u3002Hutton\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u519b\u961f\u6fc0\u8fdb\u6d3e\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff1a\u5b97\u6559\u5bbd\u5bb9\u3001\u9009\u533a\u6539\u9769\u7b49\uff0c\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u540e\u7eed\u51e0\u767e\u5e74\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u519b\u961f\u63d0\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e9b\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u81ea\u79c1\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u800c\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u5360\u4e0a\u98ce\uff08\u5728\u88ab\u519b\u961f\u5a01\u80c1\u548c\u8083\u6e05\u524d\uff09\u7684\u8bae\u4f1a\uff0c\u5219\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u5f53\u65f6\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4ee3\u8868\u66f4\u591a\u4eba\u7684\u610f\u613f\u3002\u4f46\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\uff0c\u519b\u961f\u5185\u90e8\u9009\u51faagitator\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u666e\u901a\u58eb\u5175\u548c\u519b\u5b98\u8c08\u5224\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u662f\u6c11\u4e3b\u8bd5\u9a8c\u7530\u3002\uff08\u81ea\u79c1\u4e0d\u80fd\u5426\u5b9a\u6c11\u4e3b\u3002\uff09 \u6211\u6700\u521d\u8ff7\u4e0a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bdd\u9898\uff0c\u662f\u5728CH Firth\u7684\u4e66\u91cc\u8bfb\u5230\u514b\u4f26\u5a01\u5c14\u4ece\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u64a4\u519b\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e0e\u5176sack\u7231\u4e01\u5821\u57ce\u5821\uff0c\u96be\u9053\u5750\u4e0b\u6765\u5766\u8bda\u8ba8\u8bba\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5206\u6b67\u4e0d\u66f4\u597d\u5417\uff1f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u5f88\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u4ee5\u6765\u9a71\u52a8\u6211\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u4e86\u89e3\u8fd9\u53e5\u8bdd\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u4eba\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4fe1\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66cover\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u8303\u56f4\u91cc\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e66\u91cc\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u3002\u4e66\u91cc\u8bf4\u4e86\u5176\u5b9e\u4ed6\u5df2\u7ecf\u60f3\u5c3d\u529e\u6cd5\u6253\u82cf\u683c\u5170\uff0c\u6253\u4e86\u5f88\u4e45\uff08\u8bb0\u5f97\u662f\u8fc7\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u51ac\u5929\uff0c\u6253\u4e86\u4e00\u5e74\u591a\uff09\u3002\u53ea\u8bb0\u5f97Dunbar\u5927\u53cd\u8f6c\uff0c\u5230\u6700\u540eWorcester\u8d76\u8d70\u67e5\u7406\u4e8c\u4e16\uff0c\u662f\u4e2d\u4e86\u514b\u4f26\u5a01\u5c14\u5ba3\u4f20\u673a\u5668\u7684\u62db\u3002\u524d\u9762\u8ff7\u4f4f\u6211\u7684\u90a3\u5c01\u4fe1\u4e5f\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6709\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u6587\u5316\u7684\u9694\u9602\uff0c\u514b\u4f26\u5a01\u5c14\u7684\u5ba3\u4f20\u80fd\u529b\u8fd8\u662f\u5389\u5bb3\u5230\u80fd\u5ffd\u60a0\u5230\u6211\u3002 \u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6ca1\u60f3\u5230\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u5bf9\u6218\u4e89\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u70b9\u5174\u8da3\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u53d9\u8ff0\uff0c\u6211\u7406\u89e3\u514b\u4f26\u5a01\u5c14\u6253\u4ed7\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u5728\u4e8e\u4ed6\u5f88\u91cd\u89c6\u8c03\u52a8\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u800c\u8bae\u4f1a\u80fd\u7ed9\u5230\u4ed6\u8d44\u6e90\uff08\u8fd9\u91cc\u6709\u4ed6\u653f\u6cbb\u534f\u5546\u80fd\u529b\u5728\u91cc\u9762\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8bae\u4f1a\u638c\u63e1\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u540e\u7eed\u5f81\u670d\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u548c\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u3002\u8fd8\u60f3\u8bf4\u4e24\u70b9\u548c\u522b\u7684\u8bdd\u9898\u7684\u76f8\u5173\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u662f\u540e\u7eed\u770bAdam Tooze\u5199\u7684\u4e8c\u6218\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\uff0c\u66f4\u52a0\u5f3a\u4e86\u6211\u7406\u89e3\u91cc\u519b\u5907\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u4e5f\u8bb8\u519b\u5907\u7ade\u8d5b\u4e5f\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u5185\u6218\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u8981\u4ec0\u4e48\u8d44\u6e90\u90fd\u4e00\u70b9\u4e00\u70b9\u8ba8\u4ef7\u8fd8\u4ef7\uff0c\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u673a\u5236\u4e5f\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u4eba\u4e3a\u519b\u5907\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u3002\u4e5f\u8bb8\u662f\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u8fd9\u79cd\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u5927\u3002\u5230\u4e86\u4e8c\u6218\u7684\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u6743\u529b\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u519b\u5907\u53d8\u6210\u56fd\u5bb6\u8ba1\u5212\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u60f3\u6cd5\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u6218\u4e89\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u4ec0\u4e48\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u5185\u6218\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u7ecf\u5e38\u8bf4\u5230\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982Marston Moor\u540e\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u652f\u6301\u56fd\u738b\u7684\u5317\u65b9\u88ab\u8bae\u4f1a\u63a7\u5236\u4e86\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5fc3\u91cc\u662f\u652f\u6301\u56fd\u738b\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8bae\u4f1a\u6253\u8d62\u4e86\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u670d\u4ece\uff0c\u6700\u591a\u5728\u5fc3\u91cc\u5600\u5495\u3002\u6253\u4ed7\uff0c\u6253\u8f93\u4e86\u5750\u4e0b\u6765\u8c08\u5224\uff0c\u6211\u8d54\u94b1\uff0c\u8d54\u9886\u571f\u3001\u81ea\u7136\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c4\u5219\u597d\u50cf\u662f\u4eba\u7684\u672c\u80fd\u3002\u80dc\u8d1f\u7684\u53cc\u65b9\u6700\u7ec8\u8fd8\u662f\u88ab\u540c\u7b49\u5bf9\u5f85\uff0c\u5750\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u5f20\u8c08\u5224\u684c\u524d\uff0c\u7b7e\u7f72\u540c\u4e00\u4efd\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6b96\u6c11\u6218\u4e89\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u88ab\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u4e0d\u88ab\u5f53\u4f5c\u662f\u540c\u6837\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u62b5\u6297\u662f\u6e38\u51fb\u6218\u4e89\uff0calso known as\u6050\u6016\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002 \u9644\uff1a\u770b\u4e24\u904d\u540e\u90fd\u89c9\u5f97\u6ca1\u5934\u7eea\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u5199\u4e00\u4e0b\u5230\u5e95\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u6765\u7406\u6e05\u601d\u8def\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u5199\u7684\uff1a 1647\u5e74\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f 1647\u5e74\uff0c\u5185\u6218\u7ed3\u675f\u4e86\uff0c\u80dc\u5229\u7684\u4e00\u65b9\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u4eab\u6709\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u7737\u987e\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5c06\u5f97\u5230\u4ed6\u4eec\u60f3\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u5417\uff1f\u6ca1\u60f3\u5230\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u5e76\u80a9\u4f5c\u6218\u7684\u4e00\u65b9\uff0c\u60f3\u8981\u7684\u8fd8\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u8981\u8bf4\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u4e00\u65b9\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u4e00\u65b9\u5305\u62ec\u56fd\u738b\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u8c01\u4e5f\u60f3\u8c61\u4e0d\u4e86\u201c\u6062\u590d\u6b63\u5e38\u201d\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u653f\u5e9c\u91cc\u53ef\u4ee5\u6ca1\u6709\u56fd\u738b\u3002\u6253\u4ed7\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u201c\u80dc\u5229\u201d\u662f\u4e2a\u5f88\u660e\u663e\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6218\u540e\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u5206\u6b67\u8fd8\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u8c03\u548c\uff08\u8ba9\u4eba\u6000\u7591\u6253\u4ed7\u5230\u5e95\u80fd\u89e3\u51b3\u4ec0\u4e48\u95ee\u9898\uff09\uff0c1647\u5e74\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u8ba9\u4eba\u773c\u82b1\u7f2d\u4e71\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u5728\u524d\u8a00\u91cc\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c0f\u65f6\u5019\u5f88\u559c\u6b22\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\u5199\u5185\u6218\uff0c\u5199\u52301647\u5e74\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u53bb\u4e86\u3002 \u56fd\u738b\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u662fAnglican Church\uff0c\u5185\u6218\u7684\u5bfc\u706b\u7d22\u5c31\u662f\u4ed6\u628a\u5728\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u63a8\u884c\u7684\u7948\u7977\u4e66\u63a8\u884c\u5230\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u5f15\u53d1\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u53db\u4e71\uff0cBishop\u2019s War\u5bfc\u81f4\u56fd\u738b\u5fc5\u987b\u53ec\u5f00\u8bae\u4f1a\u7b79\u94b1\uff0c\u800c\u8bae\u4f1a11\u5e74\u6ca1\u6709\u5f00\uff0c\u79ef\u6028\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u77db\u76fe\u5347\u7ea7\u5f00\u6218\u3002\u8fd97\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u56fd\u738b\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u6743\u529b\u88ab\u524a\u5f31\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u73b0\u5728\u4ed6\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bc9\u6c42\u662f\u91cd\u65b0\u83b7\u5f97\u541b\u738b\u7684\u6743\u529b\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u5bf9\u519b\u961f\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u6743\uff0c\u5916\u4ea4\u51b3\u5b9a\u6743\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5927\u81e3\u7684\u4efb\u547d\u6743\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u81f3\u5c11\uff0c\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u9650\u5236\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u8981\u4e3a\u4ed6\u7684\u7ee7\u627f\u4eba\u4e89\u53d6\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u628a\u4ed6\u4ece\u81ea\u5df1\u7236\u4eb2\u90a3\u91cc\u7ee7\u627f\u6765\u7684\u6743\u529b\u4f20\u7ed9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7ee7\u627f\u4eba\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u70b9\u662f\u4ed6\u60f3\u8981\u5c3d\u91cf\u5e87\u62a4\u5185\u6218\u4e2d\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8005\u3002 \u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5185\u6218\u4e2d\u8bae\u4f1a\u519b\u8054\u5408\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u6765\u5bf9\u6297\u56fd\u738b\u3002\u548c\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u7684\u8054\u5408\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u8bae\u4f1a\u5ba3\u8a93\u8981\u5728\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u63a8\u884c\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u7ec4\u7ec7\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6d3e\u522b\u4ee5\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u5b97\u6559\u5f62\u5f0f\u547d\u540d\uff0c\u53ebPresbyterian\u3002\u76f8\u5bf9\u800c\u8a00\u53e6\u4e00\u6d3e\u53ebIndependent\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u4fe1\u4ef0\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bc9\u6c42\u56fd\u5bb6\u53ef\u4ee5\u662fPresbyterian Church\uff0c\u4f46\u4e2a\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u53c2\u52a0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u5404\u79cdsect\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u76f8\u4fe1\u4e0d\u8be5\u51fa\u751f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u53d7\u6d17\u793c\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u521a\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u8d35\u683c\u4f1a\u7b49\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5f92\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9bsects\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u6765\u770b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7b80\u76f4\u662f\u5f02\u7aef\u90aa\u8bf4\u3002\u514b\u4f26\u5a01\u5c14\u4e0d\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2asect\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u662findependent\u3002\u519b\u961f\u4e2d\u672c\u6765\u4e5f\u662f\u4e24\u6d3e\u90fd\u6709\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6e10\u6e10Presbyterian\u7684\u4eba\u88ab\u6324\u8d70\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u662f\u519b\u5b98\u3002\u58eb\u5175\u4e2dindependent\u548csectarian\u66f4\u591a\u3002 1647\u5e74\u521d\uff0c\u58eb\u5175\u5173\u5fc3\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u8bae\u4f1a\u9700\u8981\u652f\u4ed8\u6b20\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u519b\u9977\uff0c\u548c\u901a\u8fc7\u8d66\u514d\u6218\u4e89\u671f\u95f4\u519b\u961f\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u8bae\u6848\u3002\u8bae\u4f1a\u5219\u66f4\u5173\u5fc3\u652f\u4ed8\u519b\u961f\u7684\u5f81\u7a0e\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u6d3e\u519b\u961f\u53bb\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u6446\u5e73\u5f53\u5730\u7684\u53db\u4e71\u3002\u8bae\u4f1a\u6025\u7740\u89e3\u6563\u519b\u961f\uff0c\u4fdd\u7559\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u6d3e\u53bb\u7231\u5c14\u5170\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u58eb\u5175\u5f3a\u70c8\u4e0d\u6ee1\u3002\u5404\u4e2a\u519b\u56e2\u81ea\u5df1\u9009agitator\u4ee3\u8868\u4ed6\u4eec\u5411\u519b\u5b98\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\u8981\u6c42\u3002 \u540c\u65f6\u5728\u4f26\u6566\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u6fc0\u8fdb\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u4f20\u5f00\u6765\uff0c\u548c\u6fc0\u8fdb\u6d3e\u58eb\u5175\u5929\u7136\u8054\u5408\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8bae\u4f1a\u4e0b\u9662\u4e3b\u6743\uff0c\u4e0a\u9662\u548c\u56fd\u738b\u4e0d\u80fd\u5426\u51b3\u4e0b\u9662\u901a\u8fc7\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u81ea\u7531\uff08\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u662f\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\uff09\u548c\u4e0d\u7ed9\u56fd\u5bb6\u6559\u4f1a\u652f\u4ed8\u4ec0\u4e00\u7a0e\uff0c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7b80\u5316\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0d\u5ba1\u5224\u5c31\u5173\u62bc\u4eba\u3002\u8bae\u4f1a\u51b3\u8bae\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e00\u4e9b\u58eb\u5175\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u60f3\u8981\u5e73\u606f\u4e0d\u6ee1\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u8d66\u514d\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u91c7\u53d6\u4e00\u4e9b\u63aa\u65bd\u6765\u652f\u4ed8\u62d6\u6b20\u7684\u519b\u9977\uff0c\u6276\u6301\u519b\u5c5e\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u9000\u4f0d\u58eb\u5175\u66f4\u5feb\u627e\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8981\u7acb\u5373\u89e3\u6563\u519b\u961f\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u58eb\u5175\u6b64\u65f6\u5df2\u7ecf\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ec5\u63a5\u53d7\u8fd9\u4e9b\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u770b\u6765\u5982\u679c\u56fd\u738b\u53d6\u5f97\u56de\u541b\u738b\u7684\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u4ed6\u6539\u5199\u3002\u519b\u961f\u7684\u8bc9\u6c42\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u8981\u6c42\u8bae\u4f1a\u4e2d\u53cd\u5bf9\u519b\u961f\u7684\u8bae\u5458\u8981\u88ab\u60e9\u7f5a\u3002\u519b\u961f\u5185\u90e8\u7ec4\u6210General Council\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5404\u519b\u56e2\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u548c\u519b\u5b98\uff0c\u8ba8\u8bba\u5927\u5bb6\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u516d\u6708\u4efd\u8ba8\u8bba\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6(A Representation of the Army)\uff0c\u91cc\u9762\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u8981\u6c42\u8bae\u4f1a\u9700\u8981\u89e3\u6563\u91cd\u65b0\u9009\u4e3e\uff0c\u9009\u4e3e\u6743\u548c\u9009\u533a\u6539\u9769\u3002\u4e03\u6708\u4efd\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2aHeads of Proposals\uff0c\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u6761\u4ef6\u91cc\u52a0\u4e0aCouncil of State\uff0c\u548c\u56fd\u738b\u5171\u540c\u63a7\u5236\u519b\u961f\uff0c\u800c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5927\u81e3\u7531\u8bae\u4f1a\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002 \u8fd9\u671f\u95f4\u53d1\u751f\u4e00\u4ef6\u795e\u79d8\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u519b\u8854\u6bd4\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u519b\u5b98Joyce\u5e26\u9886\u4e00\u961f\u58eb\u5175\u52ab\u6301\u4e86\u56fd\u738b\u3002\u56fd\u738b\u672c\u6765\u88abPresbyterian\u519b\u5b98\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002Joyce\u628a\u56fd\u738b\u5e26\u5230\u4e86\u519b\u961f\u5927\u672c\u8425\u9644\u8fd1\uff0c\u519b\u961f\u51b3\u5b9a\u628a\u4ed6\u5b89\u6392\u5728\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u8c6a\u5b85\u91cc\u3002\u540e\u6765\u519b\u961f\u548c\u8bae\u4f1a\u5206\u6b67\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u519b\u961f\u5f00\u59cb\u8003\u8651\u5148\u548c\u56fd\u738b\u8fbe\u6210\u7ea6\u5b9a\u3002\u56fd\u738b\u5bf9\u519b\u961f\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u56de\u5e94\u662f\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u6539\u53d8\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b97\u6559\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u6c38\u4e45\u5931\u53bb\u4e00\u4e9b\u56fd\u738b\u7684\u6743\u529b\uff08Anglican\u548cPresbyterian\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u662f\uff0c\u4e3b\u6559\u7684\u4efb\u547d\u7531\u56fd\u738b\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5bf9\u56fd\u738b\u6765\u8bf4\u4e5f\u662f\u4ed6\u7edf\u6cbb\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u624b\u6bb5\uff09\u3002 \u4f46\u662f\u519b\u961f\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8005\uff0c\u5728\u5168\u56fd\u6765\u770b\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u5c11\u6570\u3002\u4e03\u6708\u4e0b\u65ec\uff0c\u4f26\u6566\u4eba\u5165\u4fb5\u8bae\u4f1a\uff0c\u903c\u8feb\u8bae\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u51b3\u8bae\u53cd\u5bf9\u519b\u961f\u3002\u519b\u961f\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u662f\u5411\u4f26\u6566\u8fdb\u53d1\uff0c\u6b66\u529b\u5a01\u80c1\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u4f26\u6566\u6295\u964d\u3002\u519b\u961f\u9a7b\u624e\u5728\u4f26\u6566\u9644\u8fd1\u7684Putney\u3002 \u519b\u961f\u548c\u56fd\u738b\u7684\u534f\u5546\u59a5\u534f\u906d\u5230\u5185\u90e8\u53cd\u5bf9\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e5f\u5f88\u9891\u7e41\u3002\u4f26\u6566\u6fc0\u8fdb\u6d3e\u5f00\u59cb\u53d1\u8868\u4f20\u5355\u653b\u51fb\u519b\u961f\u9ad8\u5c42\u3002\u519b\u961f\u5e95\u5c42\u5199\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6The Case of the Armie Truly Stated\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u53c8\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6The Agreement of the People\u3002\u5341\u6708\u5e95\u5f00\u59cb\u76847\u5929\u8ba8\u8bba\u5c31\u662f\u8457\u540d\u7684Putney Debates\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6295\u7968\u6743\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u6709Rainsborough\u8bf4\u7684\u90a3\u53e5the poorest he has the same stakes as the richest […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[348,341],"class_list":["post-2785","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-11","tag-english-civil-war","tag-ronald-hutton"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.miahavero.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2785","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.miahavero.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.miahavero.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.miahavero.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.miahavero.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2785"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/blog.miahavero.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2785\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2800,"href":"https:\/\/blog.miahavero.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2785\/revisions\/2800"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.miahavero.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2785"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.miahavero.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2785"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.miahavero.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2785"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}