{"id":2792,"date":"2025-10-22T11:43:45","date_gmt":"2025-10-22T03:43:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.miahavero.me\/?p=2792"},"modified":"2025-10-22T15:32:58","modified_gmt":"2025-10-22T07:32:58","slug":"the-wages-of-destruction","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.miahavero.me\/?p=2792","title":{"rendered":"The Wages of Destruction"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Adam Tooze, 2008<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u770b\u82f1\u56fd\u5185\u6218\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4e00\u76f4\u89c9\u5f97\u79bb\u5f97\u592a\u4e45\u8fdc\u4e86\uff0c\u4e00\u624b\u8d44\u6599\u4e22\u5931\u592a\u591a\uff0c\u540e\u7eed\u5f88\u591a\u5ba3\u4f20\u548c\u8bef\u89e3\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u73b0\u5728\u8981\u91cd\u73b0\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u72b6\u51b5\u5f88\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u6709\u70b9\u610f\u5916\u6211\u8d8a\u4e86\u89e3\u4e8c\u6218\u5c31\u8d8a\u89c9\u5f97\u4e16\u754c\u5e76\u4e0d\u7406\u89e3\u4e8c\u6218\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u4e8c\u6218\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u91cc\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u7406\u89e3\u4e8c\u6218\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u963b\u788d\uff0c\u5ba3\u4f20\u548c\u8bef\u89e3\u548c\u4e09\u767e\u5e74\u524d\u76f8\u6bd4\u6709\u8fc7\u4e4b\u65e0\u4e0d\u53ca\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>&#8220;The point is rather that our bewilderment about the anti-utilitarian character of the totalitarian state structure springs from the mistaken notion that we are dealing with a normal state after all\u2014a bureaucracy, a tyranny, a dictatorship\u2014from our overlooking the emphatic assertions by totalitarian rulers that they consider the country where they happened to seize power only the temporary headquarters of the international movement on the road to world conquest, that they reckon victories and defeats in terms of centuries or millennia, and that the global interests always overrule the local interests of their own territory.&#8221; (Hannah Arendt, The Origins of Totalitarianism)<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8bfb<a href=\"https:\/\/blog.miahavero.me\/?p=2589\">\u300a\u6781\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u300b<\/a>\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u611f\u60f3\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u6781\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5b9e\u7528\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8ffd\u6c42\u5b9e\u7528\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u7eb3\u7cb9\u53ef\u4ee5\u538b\u69a8\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\uff0c\u628a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f53\u82e6\u529b\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6781\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u82b1\u8d39\u8d44\u6e90\u6765\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u5c60\u6740\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u3002\u963f\u4f26\u7279\u5bf9\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u7684\u6548\u679c\u7684\u5206\u6790\u5f88\u6709\u9053\u7406\uff0c\u538b\u69a8\u8d77\u7801\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u6781\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u8bd5\u70b9\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5728 The Wages of Destruction \u91cc\uff0cAdam Tooze \u5206\u6790\u4e86\u7eb3\u7cb9\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\uff0c\u5c60\u6740\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u6709\u5b9e\u7528\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7406\u7531\u3002\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5bf9\u7cae\u98df\u4ea7\u51fa\u548c\u5de5\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u76ee\u6807\u6709\u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u7cae\u98df\u53ef\u80fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u52c9\u5f3a\u517b\u6d3b100\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u591f\u5065\u5eb7\u5230\u8db3\u4ee5\u52b3\u52a8\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5982\u679c\u540c\u6837\u7684\u7cae\u98df\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ed950\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u523050\u4e2a\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\u674050\u4e2a\u4eba\u3002\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u5c31\u7b2c\u4e00\u6279\u88ab\u5c60\u6740\u3002\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5206\u6790\u548c\u963f\u4f26\u7279\u5e76\u4e0d\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5e76\u4e0d\u51cf\u5f31\u963f\u4f26\u7279\u7684\u6d1e\u89c1\u3002\u5979\u770b\u89c1\u7684\u7684\u786e\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u89c6\u89d2\u662f world domination\u3002\u963f\u4f26\u7279\u8bf4\u6781\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u662f thinking in millennia. \u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4 Wages \u8865\u5145\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a Tooze \u7684\u786e\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u7eb3\u7cb9\u7684\u601d\u8def\u662f\u5bf9\u6297\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77\u30021939\u5e74\u51b3\u5b9a\u5f00\u6218\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5fb7\u56fd rearmament \u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u6682\u65f6\u6709\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u8d44\u6e90\u66f4\u5f3a\u5927\uff0cpresumably \u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u4f1a\u7528\u6765\u652f\u6301\u82f1\u56fd\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u518d\u4e0d\u5f00\u6218\u540e\u7eed\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u53ea\u4f1a\u964d\u4f4e\u30021941\u5e74\u51b3\u5b9a\u653b\u6253\u201c\u76df\u53cb\u201d\u524d\u82cf\u8054\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u5168\u7403\u601d\u8def\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u6297\u8861\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5360\u6709\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\uff08\u519c\u4ea7\u54c1\u5927\u56fd\uff09\u548c\u9ad8\u52a0\u7d22\u7684\u77f3\u6cb9\u3002\u770b\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u6211\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u611f\u53d7\u662f\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u7edf\u8ba1\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u9020\u6210\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u65e0\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u4f60\u4e0d\u662f\u88ab\u538b\u69a8\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u5974\u96b6\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u662f martyr\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u8981\u88ab\u6d88\u5931\u300220\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7edf\u8ba1\u548c\u73b0\u5728\u76f8\u6bd4\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5f88\u57fa\u672c\u7684\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u662f The Holocaust\u300221\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u88ab\u6570\u636e\u64cd\u63a7\u5f97\u66f4\u5f7b\u5e95\u4e86\uff0c\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u8981\u9762\u5bf9\u4ec0\u4e48 horror\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6211\u4e00\u76f4\u4ee5\u4e3a\u5fb7\u56fd\u5bf9\u4e8c\u6218\u7684\u53cd\u601d\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u53cd\u601d\u7684\u5178\u8303\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u770b\u6765\u8fd9\u4e2a\u60f3\u6cd5\u4e5f\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\uff08\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u897f\u65b9\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u767d\u4eba\u81f3\u4e0a\u4e3b\u4e49\uff09\u3002\u8d8a\u4e86\u89e3\u4e8c\u6218\u5c31\u8d8a\u89c9\u5f97\u6211\u4eec\u6839\u672c\u6ca1\u6709\u7406\u89e3\u7eb3\u7cb9\u3002\u628a\u7eb3\u7cb9\u515a\u505a\u75af\u5b50\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d6\u3002\u4e66\u91cc\u8bf4 Albert Speer \u5176\u5b9e\u5f88\u65e9\u5c31\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u7eb3\u7cb9\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6218\u540e\u4ed6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u8fa9\u62a4\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u5728\u7ebd\u4f26\u5821\u5ba1\u5224\u4e2d\u88ab\u5224\u6b7b\u5211\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u8fa9\u62a4\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff1a\u4ed6\u4e0d\u662f\u7eb3\u7cb9\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u6210\u529f\u5730\u641e\u597d\u4e86\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u6218\u65f6\u7ecf\u6d4e\uff0c\u800c\u6211\u4eec\u89c9\u5f97\u7eb3\u7cb9\u548c\u6709\u6548\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0d\u517c\u5bb9\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u7eb3\u7cb9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9b4f\u739b\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u52a0\u5165\u82f1\u7f8e\u4e3a\u9996\u7684 liberal \u4e16\u754c\u3002\u9b4f\u739b\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u7684\u8d22\u653f\u90e8\u957f\u8bd5\u56fe\u4e00\u4e9b\u505a\u6cd5\u6765\u628a\u4e00\u6218\u8d54\u6b3e\u548c\u82f1\u7f8e\u6295\u8d44\u6302\u94a9\u3002\u4f46\u662f1930\u5e74\u5927\u8427\u6761\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5371\u673a\u5bfc\u81f4\u8d22\u653f\u505a\u6cd5\u597d\u5904\u53d8\u5c11\u4e86\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5fb7\u56fd\u8d70\u5411\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u6761\u9053\u8def\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8d70\u5411\u73b0\u5728\u770b\u6765\u4e5f\u719f\u6089\u5f97\u8ba9\u4eba\u62c5\u5fe7\u3002\u603b\u89c9\u5f97\u4e16\u754c\u8fd8\u6709\u66f4\u6df1\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u6ca1\u770b\u5230\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Adam Tooze, 2008 \u770b\u82f1\u56fd\u5185\u6218\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4e00\u76f4\u89c9\u5f97\u79bb\u5f97\u592a\u4e45\u8fdc\u4e86\uff0c\u4e00\u624b\u8d44\u6599\u4e22\u5931\u592a\u591a\uff0c\u540e\u7eed\u5f88\u591a\u5ba3\u4f20\u548c\u8bef\u89e3\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u73b0\u5728\u8981\u91cd\u73b0\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u72b6\u51b5\u5f88\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u6709\u70b9\u610f\u5916\u6211\u8d8a\u4e86\u89e3\u4e8c\u6218\u5c31\u8d8a\u89c9\u5f97\u4e16\u754c\u5e76\u4e0d\u7406\u89e3\u4e8c\u6218\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u4e8c\u6218\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u91cc\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u7406\u89e3\u4e8c\u6218\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u963b\u788d\uff0c\u5ba3\u4f20\u548c\u8bef\u89e3\u548c\u4e09\u767e\u5e74\u524d\u76f8\u6bd4\u6709\u8fc7\u4e4b\u65e0\u4e0d\u53ca\u3002 &#8220;The point is rather that our bewilderment about the anti-utilitarian character of the totalitarian state structure springs from the mistaken notion that we are dealing with a normal state after all\u2014a bureaucracy, a tyranny, a dictatorship\u2014from our overlooking the emphatic assertions by totalitarian rulers that they consider the country where they [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[349],"class_list":["post-2792","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-11","tag-adam-tooze"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.miahavero.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2792","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.miahavero.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.miahavero.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.miahavero.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.miahavero.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2792"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/blog.miahavero.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2792\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2802,"href":"https:\/\/blog.miahavero.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2792\/revisions\/2802"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.miahavero.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2792"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.miahavero.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2792"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.miahavero.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2792"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}